What You Dont Know About Custom Term Paper Results

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The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 797 Words

Settled in 1630, the Massachusetts Bay Colony housed one thousand refuge Puritans. The Puritans had sailed over to escape religious persecution from England. Born one hundred seventy four years later Nathaniel Hawthorne, whose ancestors arrived at the colony, would become a writer. He started writing at the age of twenty four, but would not peak until he hit his late forty’s. His most famous book written was The Scarlet Letter. The book was originally concepted upon the findings of a paper recalling the events and the scarlet letter. Hawthorne’s book would showcase the Puritans view on the sin of two people and the revenge of another. Portraying the lives of three different people, the strong willed Hester Prynne; the abused clergyman†¦show more content†¦Throughout the book the use Hester as a scapegoat for the sins they have committed. The townspeople are not ugly on the outside, but on the inside. Hester Prynne is the beautiful flower, both inside and out, blooming from the ugliness around her. Hester’s beauty can best be defined by her â€Å"fragrance and fragile beauty.†(46). Described thoroughly by Hawthorne, Hester is a woman of unimaginable beauty. When she had to place the bonnet and letter on her chest her beauty began to change. She was no longer recognised by the beauty of her face, but the beauty within like a rose it has many layers. Not only had her beauty changed but she â€Å"had merely survived out of the stern old wilderness.†(46). The Townspeople also did not make it easy for Hester to survive out on the scaffold and after. They wanted to whip her, take away pearl, and burn her. With all of the threats coming her way Hester thought about killing herself, yet she never could because of those she loved. She grew stronger through the harsh words and glances. As the chapters went on Hester began to change due to the letter on her chest. The emotions she feels due to the letter directly correlate with the shadows and sunlight. With the letter on her chest Hester’s moods lean on the darker side, Pearl once explained that, â€Å"the sunshine does not love you. It runs away and hides itself.† (165). The sunshine represents the good and the innocent, like Pearl. The light runs away from Hester

The Relationship Between Smoking And Public Health Essay

This assignment analyses the relation between smoking and public health and how it makes an impact to individuals’ health and well-being. Smoking can be defined as the act of inhaling and exhaling of the smoke produced by the combustion of a component usually from a tobacco. The most common ways of smoking are in the form of cigarettes, cigars or pipes, electronic cigarettes and via shishas or hookahs (WHO, 2016). Although there are different ways of smoking, they all harm in the same way as these contain adverse chemicals such as nicotine which are highly addictive. Moreover, sm oking is considered as the dominant cause of premature deaths and preventable diseases leading to approximately 96,000 deaths in a year in the UK. With this evidence, smoking can be indicated as hugely accountable to cause negative influences and risk to health of the public and healthy living as it can lead to several chronic illnesses such as cancer, heart disease, stroke and many more life-threaten ing health conditions (ASH, 2016). In the Acheson Report (Acheson, 1988), public health is illustrated as the art and science of avoiding disease, extending life and promoting healthy lifestyles through the organised community efforts. It emphasises on investigating and diagnosing health issues in order to protect people’s health and make the environment healthy for individuals to live (Detels et al., 2015). Smoking is strongly associated with public health because being one of the most leading causesShow MoreRelatedStudy Design And Methods Of Health Care Providers Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagessurvey of health care providers working in public health facilities in Kiambu County. Kiambu County, one of the 47 counties in Kenya, is located in the central part of Kenya. Central Kenya was identified as the region with the highest prevalence of smokers in Kenya in the 2008/2009 Kenya Demographic Health Survey[14]. Study participants The study included participants from five health professional groups namely: nurses, medical officers, dentists, clinical officers and community oral health officersRead MoreBans, Laws, And Taxes On Smoking Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBans, Laws, and Taxes on smoking With the changing of times, many places over the years have gone smoke free. Some of these places include: hospitals, airplanes, restaurants, bars, universities, schools, hotels and many others. One of the places in Anchorage that has recently gone smoke free is the University of Anchorage Alaska. According to an article titled â€Å"History of Smoke and Tobacco-Free UAA† (n.d.), â€Å"With the new policy, UAA joins more than 1,500 colleges and universities in the U.S. thatRead MoreThe Hague : Kluwer Law Internet888 Words   |  4 PagesBlanpain, Roger, and Gordon Anderson. Smoking and the Workplace. The Hague: Kluwer Law Internet, 2005. Print. Roger Blanpain was the first professor to do a wide-ranging study in his bid control the use of environs tobacco smoke in place of work. Professor Blanpain had a unique methodology in his analysis dissimilar to his peers in the same field because he researched the basic rights of tobacco users and their basic right to smoke as well as the financial impact. Professor Blanpain’s study wasRead MoreThe Smokers After Quitting Cigarettes : Meta Analysis821 Words   |  4 PagesAubin, H. J., Farley, A., Lycett, D., Lahmek, P., Aveyard, P. (2012). Weight gain in smokers after quitting cigarettes: meta-analysis. Audrain†McGovern, J., Benowitz, N. L. (2011). Cigarette smoking, nicotine, and body weight. Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics, 90(1), 164-168. Bjà ¸rge, T., Engeland, A., Tverdal, A., Smith, G. D. (2008). Body mass index in adolescence in relation to cause-specific mortality: a follow-up of 230,000 Norwegian adolescents. American journal of epidemiologyRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On Public Places993 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironmental tobacco smoke has been an issue. Smoking tobacco products is the leading, preventable cause of death in the United States. More than ten times of the deaths from smoking cigarettes have added up to be more deaths than all the wars fought by the United states (Jones, Page 65, 2016). There are more deaths caused each year from tobacco use than all deaths of HIV, illegal drug and alcohol use, car accidents, and murders combined (Judd, page 110, 2009). Smoking harms nearly every organ and part ofRead MoreThe Case Of Edward Bernays1520 Words   |  7 Pageswith moral duty and obligation† (Merriam-Webster, 2017). In the field of Public Relations, ethics is a determining factor in reaching out and building relationships with audiences. Often times, people will choos e whether or not to place their trust in a campaign, business, or company based on how they portray themselves ethically. However, there have been several instances where people have acted unethically in the field of Public Relations and still became successful. In the case of Edward Bernays,Read MoreCase Study : Cvs Health Announced854 Words   |  4 PagesOverview of case: CVS Health announced in 2014 that it wanted to stop selling all tobacco related products. This will affect every CVS location in the United States of America. The problem that arises in the U.S. is the usage of tobacco products. As a successful pharmacy chain and a lucrative company, CVS health wants to do its best to strengthen the health of American citizens. In order to solve the tobacco problem, the health professionals are taking it upon themselves to make a difference. IfRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay1000 Words   |  4 PagesDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD for short, is a chronic disorder of the brain which leads people to act in a manner that is impulsive and hyperactive; it also causes people to have difficulties with attention (The National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2016). Some signs and symptoms of ADHD are hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsiveness. These symptoms can affect how a person develops mentally and functions as a pe rson. Not everyone with ADHD will experience all these symptoms, and someRead MoreThe Theory Of Reasoned Action1529 Words   |  7 PagesAction (TRA) was developed by both Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen, and it is one of the three classic persuasion models of psychology, and is also used in communication discourse as a theory of understanding persuasive messages. It explains the relationship between attitudes and behaviors with human action. This theory is also used to predict how people will behave based on his/hers pre-existing attitudes and behavioral intentions. The decision to engage in a particular behavior is based on the outcomesRead MoreEssay on Smoking; Who Does it Really Affect?1128 Words   |  5 PagesSecondhand smoke is extremely hazardous. It can cause death and dangerous health defects. Therefore, smoking is not only bad for the smoker, but for people around him or her too. However, there are only few laws that restrict public smoking. More legislation on smoking restrictions is needed because secondhand smoke causes asthma attacks in children, heart disease in adults, and sudden infant death syndrome in babies. These health problems are a result of the harmful chemicals in cigarettes. According

Integrating Peer Training With Social Norms - 800 Words

Merging the methodology of peer training with social norms encouragements, substance abuse information booths, interactive classroom education, and evolving online technologies, high school students can receive and dynamically contribute in a variety of experiences and cooperative interactions. Such collaborations are exceptionally vital to the success of the drug preventing programs built on a peer health educator model that relies heavily on mentoring from undergraduate college students. Also, mentorship provides an opportunity for high school peer and health educators to make positive associations with college students. Similarly, typical high school students are expected to consider seriously messages from peer health educators who are seen familiar, and more experienced due to their preparation. (Milroy et al., 2015, p. 311) The prevailing literature shows that there is an opposite relationship among parental practices that embrace better parenting monitoring and control of youth doings and their risky behaviors such as drug use, suggesting that youths are less likely to engage in unsafe actions if parents can supervise them. According to (Vaughan, Kratz, D Argent, 2011, p. 1-16) it is assumed that school integration and parental contribution in class relates to a lower risk of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Besides, is conventional that students fail and fight in school are also associated with increased risk of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use.Show MoreRelatedEducation Is An Integral Part Of A Child s Upbringing785 Words   |  4 PagesInstead of the DARE program which is â€Å"fear based† the discussions need to be from fifth grade through high school. We should talk about both sides of drugs the medical side and the abuse side in Civics, Health, Biology, and other classes.† Thereby, integrating an effective and age-appropriate substance use programs into the academic curriculum by faculty is essential for middle and high school students to understand the broad implications of alcohol and other drug use. Similar focus group participantsRead MoreEssay about Silence on Gays and Lesbians is Social Studies Curriculum1093 Words   |  5 PagesStephen J. Thornton is active in the social studies profession. He is the current Chair of the Department of Secondary Education and the University of Southern Florida. Thornton has chaired both the American Educational Research Associations Special Interest Group on research in social studies education and the College and University Faculty Assembly of the National Council for the Social Studies. In his 2009 paper, Silence on Gays and Lesbians is Social Studies Curriculum, Thornton highlightsRead MoreThe Importance Of A Licensed Educator And Applied Behavior Analyst Working With A Diverse Group Of High980 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough Chicago public schools website resource. Effective professional development on the topic of self- awareness can incorporate self-reflection prompts and assessment, different mediums expose educators to shifting perspectives and diverse cultural norms to promote caring, commitment, cultural competence, and an understanding that the school environment is complex meeting point of different cultural customs that define how both students and teachers engage within the classroom/school environment. CulturalRead MoreCrime And Social Control Theory Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesSocial control theory refers the ideas that society is responsible for maintaining law abiding citizens and/or producing deviant behavior (Hagan, 2016). The textbook generalizes that social control theories â€Å"view crime as taking place when social control or bonds to society break down† (Hagan, 2016, p. 170). This is concluded by the theories of four theorists – Walter Reckless, Travis Hirschi, Michael Gottfredson, and John Hagan – who investigated and theorized different philosophies that explainRead MoreAlan Bersins Strategy of School Improvisation in San Diego1733 Words   |  7 Pagesfor reforms. The ideas that this blueprint contained were not original. They were part of reform implementations in New York and had registered success. These reforms included extensive training programs for teachers. Allen hired consultants that got paid highly. In addition, his program brought in teachers peers coaches. Allen put a New York educator in charge of these reforms. The teachers union did not get consultation in implementation of these programs. The programs of improving the educationRead MoreSocial Interaction And Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders2457 Words   |  10 PagesSocial interaction is defined as â€Å"a process of reciprocal stimulation and response between two people. It develops competition, interaction, influences social roles and status, and influences people in development of social relationships.† (What is SOCIAL INTERACTION) By adolescence most individuals are fairly competent at social interaction and have a general understanding of what is required of them in most social situations. For high functioning autistic children, this is far from the case. SimpleRead MoreGender Issues in the Nursing Profession2023 Words   |  8 Pagesbetween male and female workers (Davis and Bartfay, 2001). Part of the problem, however, may be the gendered environment that is part of the nursing field and that discomfits males and induces them to leave. In fact, evidence does indicate that the training environme nt is largely slanted to that of females and that males continue to be outsiders in both a demographic and cultural manner in nursing institutions. It is this, and the effects, that the following essay will evaluate. Review of literatureRead MoreMy Life That Influenced My Development During The Adolescent Stage2267 Words   |  10 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. (1965) once said, â€Å"We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.† This quote stuck has always stuck with me and that is because of living in many places and experiencing different cultures and societal norms; I cam to learn no matter where someone came from or where they have been, being part of the military no matter the branch is part of one big family. Throughout an individuals life they experience events, which have great influence on their developmentRead MoreUntreated Diabetes Leads to a Number of Serious Long-term Complications2513 Words   |  11 Pagesschools, the health care system, and the patient’s ability to pay for health care or medicines . Within each of these components , particular attention must be paid to integrating management of diabetes with xxxxxx. The main functions of MoH 1. To oversee the development and adoption of internationally agreed standards and norms for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, its complications and risk factors; 2. To promote and contribute to the surveillance of diabetes, its complications andRead MoreGender Neutral Ground Combat Arms Roles7352 Words   |  30 PagesProfoundly influenced by two post-9/11 protracted wars that highlighted the expanded role of women in combat, civilian leaders have opted to pursue a gender neutral military apparently on the grounds that integrating women in direct ground combat arms roles is both essential and prudent. Central to the rhetoric is that women are not only qualified, but that they bring a wealth of diverse talents that they should be able to apply across all disciplines within the Armed Forces and in turn, be afforded

Agriculture Is Africa s Backbone And Holds Tremendous...

Agriculture is Africa’s backbone and holds tremendous potential as an engine for future growth and job creation in the continent. The sector employs 65-70% of the African workforce and accounts for roughly a third of the continent’s GDP. Women make up more than half of Africa’s farmers and produce about 90% of the continent’s food. Promoting agricultural production is widely regarded as one of the most effective ways to drive inclusive growth and reduce poverty. The experience of countries like Ghana and Uganda over the past decade provides powerful demonstration of the positive impact that sustained agricultural growth can have on poverty reduction. Although Africa has the potential to become a global agricultural powerhouse, it has not realized this potential. The continent has large arable land resources, but nearly 80% remains uncultivated. Instead, Africa imports roughly US$ 30 billion in agricultural products every year and the international competitiveness of African agricultural exports has deteriorated over the past 30 years. The resulting, repeated food crises in many parts of the continent underline the need for urgent action to address the root causes of food insecurity in Africa. Constraints in African Agriculture African countries have come a long way in the last decade, with faster agricultural growth in many countries. However, in a largely globalized world, with powerful emerging markets, there are several hurdles that need to be overcome for AfricanShow MoreRelatedExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesintended to be a comprehensive collection of teaching material. They have been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases which, together, cover most of the main issues in the text. As such, they should provide a useful backbone to a programme of study but could sensibly be supplemented by other material. We have provided a mixture of longer and shorter cases to increase the ï ¬â€šexibility for teachers. Combined with the illustrations and the short case examples at the end ofRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesStrategy, 9th Edition, Instructor’s Manual Ryanair: The Low Fares Airline–Future Destinations? Will We Still Love IKEA? CRH plc: Successful Corporate-level Strategy in a Challenging Environment SABMiller Marks Spencer: Where Next for the Icon of British Retailing? Tesco: from Domestic Operator to Multinational Giant Ekomate Systems and the Indian Software Industry: Leveraging Network Relationships for International Growth Sustaining the Magic at Bang Olufsen Cordys: Innovation in Business ProcessRead MoreThe Boeing Company 2007 Annual Report61846 Words   |  248 Pagesof NASA’s Ares program; received 100percent award fee for Ground-based Midcourse Defense program and 100 percent of incentive milestone criteria on Future Combat Systems. I Achieved significant Commercial sheet by increasing cash and shortterm investments by $2.9 billion and reducing consolidated debt by $1.3 billion. I Continued our focus on growth and productivity with substantial additions to backlog, major efficiency gains and solid execution on production Airplanes milestones, includingRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish theirRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pages Marketing management – an introduction Unit structure: 1. Introduction 2. Learning Objectives 3. Marketing Management 3.1. Evolution of marketing management 3.2. The Role of Marketing 3.3. Marketing concepts 3.4. The Marketing Mix (The 4 P s Of Marketing) 3.5. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, AmericanRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesGovernment of India b i n n o v a i c u l t u r w u s i n e s f E N T R E P R E N E UR S H I P m n a d c a t i o n u o n P l o y m e n t l t h e v i r o n m e n t n a n c e A Study by National Knowledge Commission Entrepreneurship in India National Knowledge Commission 2008  ©National Knowledge Commission, 2008 This report has been prepared by Amlanjyoti Goswami, Namita Dalmia and Megha Pradhan with support and guidance from Dr. Ashok Kolaskar and Mr. Sunil Bahri. TableRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagestheir wives (Kevin and Dawn, Robert and Sally) and their children (Ryan, Carly, Connor and Lauren). C.F.G. â€Å"We must not cease from exploration and the end of all exploring will be to arrive where we begin and to know the place for the first time.† T. S. Eliot To Ann whose love and support has brought out the best in me. And, to our girls Mary, Rachel, and Tor-Tor for the joy and pride they give me. Finally, to my muse, Neil, for the faith and inspiration he instills. E.W.L Preface Since you

My Grandfather Boppa Essay Example For Students

My Grandfather Boppa Essay During my lifetime I was lucky enough to have had a Grandma, a Grandpa, a Nana and a Boppa. When I was just a â€Å"lad† (and I hope whoever is reading this, uses Air Quotes for â€Å"lad†, because that was definitely a Boppism) I used to tell my friends that I was going to my Nana and Boppa’s house, and I would get the same response every time What is a â€Å"Boppa†? Before my time, a little girl named Kristin Sarah Percy transformed a big, brawny farmer into a â€Å"Boppa†. There were no questions asked, there were no explanations made. One day he was Jim, Dad, Grandpa to some, the next day(PAUSE) a Boppa. A Boppa is someone who doesn’t get mad when you break a pool cue screwing around in the basement and try to hide it in the closet. A Boppa is someone who takes their time when thinking about a task at hand or asking a pertinent question, actually so much time that I used to think that our conversation was done and he would surprise me with the final question that I had long forgotten. A Boppa is a risk taker. I bet there are some of you that are thinking, that’s not a Boppa. But is throwing the truck keys to a 4 foot 6 inch 12 year old who only recently was allowed to use the ride on mower in first gear and telling him to drive down to the barn load it up with rocks and come back, not something that a risk taker would do? A Boppa is a comedian. I was remembering a time when Boppa was telling us a story about a â€Å"lad† from a neighboring family’s farm. The story was clear and concise but as he drew near the end, he abruptly finished the story. So I waited for the Boppa pause and when there was no finish in sight said â€Å"did the â€Å"lad† ever go back to the family and take over the farm like his Pa wanted him to? And in the most Boppa, pensive way he replied with a matter of fact: (PAUSE) â€Å"no. † I’m sure you had to be there but I tell ya there is delivery and there is delivery and that was perfect. A Boppa is a giver. He is someone who never forgot a grandchild’s birthday or graduation with a card and a normally a well needed check, nor did he ever miss a time to slip you a couple of folded twenties to ensure that you had enough money for gas or food on your way. A Boppa is an athlete. Every year, then later every-time I was home visiting, Boppa would take me to the historic links of Mont Cascade for a round of golf. He wasnt the best of golfers, his swing looked more like he was chopping wood than swinging a golf club and without his seeing-eye grandson he would have lost all his balls by the 3rd tee but Boppa golfed, so a Boppa is an athlete. A Boppa is a worrier. It was probably the reason why he took so long to make decisions and complete his well thought out sentences as he worried about everyone and everything. Whenever I left the farm, usually to head far and away, he would always tell me to be careful and would worry about where I was going, how I was getting there and what I was doing when I got there.

Death Of Salesman (4885 words) Essay Example For Students

Death Of Salesman (4885 words) Essay Death Of SalesmanArthur Miller is one of the most renowned and important American playwrights toever live. His works include, among others, The Crucible and A View from theBridge. The plays he has written have been criticized for many things, but havebeen praised for much more, including his magical development of the charactersand how his plays provide good theater. In his plays, Miller rarely saysanything about his home life, but there are at least some autobiographicalhints in his plays. Arthur Miller is most noted for his continuing effortsto devise suitable new ways to express new and different themes. His play Deathof a Salesman, a modern tragedy, follows along these lines. The themes in thisplay are described and unfurled mostly through Willy Lomans, the maincharacter in the play, thoughts and experiences. The story takes place mainly inBrooklyn, New York, and it also has some flashback scenes occurring in ahotel room in Boston. Willy lives with his wife Linda and their two so ns, Biffand Happy in a small house, crowded and boxed in by large apartment buildings. The three most important parts of Death of a Salesman are the characters and howthey develop throughout the play; the conflicts, with the most important onesrevolving around Willy; and the masterful use of symbolism and other literarytechniques which lead into the themes that Miller is trying to reveal. ArthurMiller was born in Manhattan on October 17, 1915 to Isidore and Augusta BarnettMiller. His father was a ladies coat manufacturer. Arthur Miller went to grammarschool in Harlem but then moved to Brooklyn because of his fathers losses inthe depression. In Brooklyn he went to James Madison and Abraham Lincoln HighSchools and was an average student there, but did not get accepted to college. After high school, he worked for 2 ? years at an auto supply warehouse where hesaved $13 of his $15 a week paycheck. He began to read such classics asDostoevski and his growing knowledge led him to the University of Michigan. While at the University of Michigan, Miller worked many jobs such as a mousetender at the University laboratory and as a night editor at the newspaperMichigan Daily. He began to write plays at college and won 2 of the $500 HopwoodPlaywriting Awards. One of the two awarded plays No Villain (1936) won theTheaters Guild Award for 1938 and the prize of $1250 encouraged him to becomeengaged with Mary Grace Slattery, whom he married in 1940. Miller briefly workedwith the Federal Theater Project and in 1944 he traveled to Army Camps acrossEurope to gather material for a play he was doing. His first Broadway play, TheMan Who Had All the Luck, opened in 1944. Since then he has written 13 awardwinning plays and more than 23 different noted books. He had two children withMary Grace Slattery, Jane and Robert, but divorced her and in 1956 marriedMarilyn Monroe. He then divorced her later that decade, and, in 1962, marriedIngeborg Morath and had one child with her, named Rebecca. He now lives on 4 00acres of land in Connecticut and spends his time gardening, mowing, plantingevergreens, and working as a carpenter. He still writes each day for four to sixhours. His father always told him to read. He once said, Until the age ofseventeen, I can safely say that I never read a book weightier than ?Tom Swiftand the Rover Boys, but my father brought me into literature withDickens(Nelson, Pg. 59). His fathers good-natured joking was used toinvent the character of Joe Kellers genial side. After the Fall (1947) is aplay written by Miller where he sneaks in some small autobiographical notes. Thecharacter traits exhibited by the main woman in the play indicate his mothersearly encouragement to his literary promise. The Depression still troubles himtoday, especially for the hard times that he went through as a child. In aninterview, he once said, It seems easy to tell how it was to live in thoseyears, but I have made several attempts to tell it and when I do try I know Icannot quite touch that mysterious underwater, vile thing. (Welland, Pg. 38) Hisparents could not afford college for him, so the Depression affected his life inmany ways. Miller hated the McCarthy Witch-hunt trials of the early 1950s,and once was called before that tribunal but was acquitted of all charges. Hisplay, The Crucible, is a very powerful allegory to the McCarthy trials. He hasused the American industry many times in his works and criticizes such socialaspects of American society as its bad moral values and people who put toomuch importance on material wealth. Miller especially admired Henrik Ibsen, thegreat Norwegian master of the well-made, or tightly constructed, orderedplay. Miller was familiar with the works of Eugene ONeill, Clifford Odets,and Thornton Wilder as well as that of such European Experimentalists asBertholdt Brecht. All My Sons, Millers first drama to receive criticalacclaim seemed to largely follow Ibsens style and form, the theme and evenplot are based on some of Ibsens g reatest works. Millers plays received abroad audience and made the dialogue as plain as possible for the commonman to understand. One critic, Euphemia Wyatt, once said, I think theclosest parallel to Death of a Salesman is Ibsens The Wild Duck, where everyaction in the present works toward revelation of the past (Welland, Pg. 38). Miller believed that an ordinary person is able to serve well as a tragic heroif he gives up everything in the pursuit of something he wants intensely. Millers tragic heroes are usually confused. For example, Willy is confusedabout success and happiness. His solution to these problems of committingsuicide is a highly questionable one, at the least. But, Willy is planning oncommitting suicide for the betterment of his family, which is an admirableobjective. He is willing to sacrifice everything he has, specifically his life,for his convictions, which makes him, with using Millers definition, theepitome of a perfect tragic hero. Miller used very creative and original formatsin almost all of his works. For example, he has Willy holding two conversationsat the same time, which shows the problems going on inside of his head. WhenWilly is reminded of the Boston hotel room incident, he relives the event andfeels all the pain like it had just happened. His language is sometimesconsidered banal and lacking emotional power (Moss, 125). Some criticsbelieve that Miller has been too negative towards American society by showingmostly only the wor st of what people can do. Also, he has been criticized bysaying that he only shows the inhumane, mechanical workings of a business, neverthe loyalty that a company shows to its hardest workers. Some critics say hiscommon man heroes are little and in the worst case, just commonpeople. It has also been said that his heroes are not genuinely human enough toqualify as tragic figures at all. He has also been criticized for usinguntraditional techniques like the Act One Overture in The Crucible and theRequiem in Death of a Salesman. Miller always tries to find new forms ofstyle to explore new and different themes. Among these themes Miller takes intoeffect the vital contemporary issues of his time. Even those who disagree withhis literary, political, or social views say that he does care about society andtries to tie in morals with his works. Many also say his plays provide goodtheater, that his stories effect them emotionally, as well as mentally, andthat they stir the heart. A critic wh o, while working for The New YorkTimes, once called Death of a Salesman one of the finest dramas in the wholerange of the American theater (Corrigan, Pg. 94) and John Gassner saw it asone of the triumphs of American stage (MacNicholas, Pg. 106). So, it canbe stated that Millers works command attention. Death of a Salesman won thePulitzer Prize, the Drama Critics Circle Award and many others when it openedin 1949. Symbolism, foreshadowing and conflict are 3 of the many things thatMiller does best. All of these literary techniques have added a tremendousamount to Death of a Salesman and many others of his works. The play begins whenWilly Loman, a salesman over 60, enters his house unexpectedly, and tells hisworried wife, Linda, that, on his way to appointments in New England, he keptlosing control of his car. She urges him to ask Howard Wagner, Willys youngboss, for easier work in town so he will not have to drive as far anymore,Willy, dear. Talk to them again. Theres no reason why yo u cant work inNew York (Miller, Act 1, Scene 1). She also happily states that their twogrown sons, Biff and Happy, are upstairs and sharing their old room. Willy isconcerned that Biff, 34 years old, just quit another job out west. The entireconflict between Biff and Willy can be proven as starting at their meeting inBoston. When Biff saw his father, the man he idolized, with another woman,Biffs faith in him was shattered. To Biff, Willy was a hero, but after thisscene, he denounces him as a fraud. When Biff gets home, he burns his Universityof Virginia shoes, which represented all of Biffs hopes and dreams. Biff nolonger has feelings for Willy as Linda says, Biff, dear, if you dont haveany feeling for him, then you cant have any feeling for me(Act 1, Scene9). Linda believes that, since she loves Willy, Biff cannot come and just seeher because it would hurt Willy too much. Biff had believed in his father asbeing a great man, and he realizes that he was wrong. When Linda asks Biff wha tis wrong between him and his father, Biff recoils and says that it is not hisfault. Biff does not want to tell Linda that the whole problem is because ofWillys betrayal of her, so he just keeps it to himself and becomes the objectof her anger. Willys problem with society is that modern business isimpersonal. Even though business is business(Act 2, Scene 2), Willyshould have been treated like a human being, not just a faceless employee. Children and the Single Parent EssayAfter the restaurant disaster, she denounces both her sons fiercely, flings awaytheir flowers and imperiously orders them out of the house. Her one thought isWilly. If their presence cheers him or helps him in some way, she is glad tohave them around, but if what they do further upsets her already disturbedgrown-up child, then the sons must go and not return. Bernard and Charleycontrast strikingly to the Lomans. Unlike Willy, Charley lays no claim togreatness, but is content. He goes along calmly and quietly, undistinguished butrelatively content. His salvation, he once declared, is that he never took anyinterest in anything. That, of course, is not literally true for he showsunusually generous consideration to Willy and wants to help him, I amoffering you a job (Act 2, Scene 6). He set himself a modest goal and issatisfied with modest achievements. Bernard is no match athletically to theLomans, but gets good grades and is forging ahead brilliant ly. When he is lastseen, he is heading to Washington, DC to plead a case in front of the SupremeCourt. Willy stands in wonder as Bernard leaves and asks Charley why Bernard wasnot bragging, Charley replies, He dont have to- hes gonna do it (Act2, Scene 5). Charley, on his part, takes issue with Willy on such vital mattersas the importance of being well liked. Yet it is he who in the end defends Willyto Biff in almost melodic terms. Willy sneered at Charley, insulted him, andthen borrowed sizable sums from him, but Charley can say with vehemence,Nobody dast blame this man (Requiem). This father-son combination is anexact opposite of Happy and Willy, they understand right and wrong. Thesymbolism in Death of a Salesman is a major aspect of the story. One of thesymbols, specifically, Biffs sports shoes with the University of Virginiaprinted on the sole, represent his confident dream of a bright future through anathletic scholarship. When his dreams are shattered, he destroys the shoes i n afit of angry bitterness. The stockings mentioned throughout the play stand forinfidelity. They represent Willys attempt to look impressive outside the homeby giving a box of brand new ones to the woman he has an affair with. Lindadarns her own stockings and that makes Willy feel like a bad provider for hisfamily along with reminding him of his affair. Bens African cache ofdiamonds, to Willy, stands for his insurance policy. It is the great pile ofgold waiting for him if he takes the opportunity. Ben is always seen looking athis watch and this symbolizes the time that Willy has to take the opportunity. Finally, Ben says, Time, William, time! (Act 2, Scene 14). With that, Benis telling Willy to go through with his decision. The opportunity that they keepmentioning is Willy committing suicide. Another symbol, Dave Singleman, thefamous salesman, stands for success. He was everything that Willy ever dreamedof being. Willy wanted his funeral to be like Singlemans, with hundreds ofpeople showing up and telling each other how great Willy was. One literarytechnique that Miller used well in Death of a Salesman is foreshadowing. Onetime, Willy says to Charley in his office, Funny, yknow? After all thehighways, and the trains, and the appointments, and the years, you end up worthmore dead than alive (Act 2, Scene 6). Charley realizes what Willy isimplying and replies to him, Willy, nobodys worth anything dead (Act 2,Scene 6). This shows how Willy has already made up his mind to commit suicide. Also Willys Chevrolet and the rubber tube serve as the means for him to dothat. These two things also are hints to the outcome of Willys life. Anotherliterary technique Miller used is called flashback. The flashbacks are used asrevelations of things mentioned in the present-day conversations. They serve asa tool to help the reader understand the background to the story. Willy is oftencaught reliving the Boston hotel room scene, and is also sometimes reminded ofthe better times he had with his family when he was younger. A final literarytechnique Miller used well is irony. The reader sees that the problem betweenWilly and Biff is that Biff has lost all faith in his father. Linda oftenwonders why Biff hates his father so much, and never knows what is really goingon. Biff: Because I know hes a fake and he doesnt like anybody around whoknows! Linda: Why a fake? In what way? What do you mean? Biff: Just dont layit all at my feet. Its between me and him-thats all I have to say. (Act 1,Scen e 9) Linda has no idea of what is behind Biffs dislike for his father,and is sometimes confused by it. One theme Miller expresses in Death of aSalesman is the corruption of modern business. Willy has worked for over 30years for the Wagner Company, and, even though, to Howard, Business isbusiness (Act 2, Scene 2), Willys plea of slightly more consideration as ahuman being is wrenching and serves to underscore this theme. Even Charley saysthat personal association does not count for much, but contradicts this when heoffers his broken friend a job. Another theme expressed is unethical practicesand questionable morality. Willy seems undisturbed by the news that Biff has notbeen studying. He passes off some of Biffs actions, such as his cheating onexams and stealing the football, as being examples of initiative. Willyalso tries to excuse his infidelity by saying Shes nothing to me, Biff. Iwas lonely, I was terribly lonely. (Act 2, Scene 13). Willy also says nothingto Biff when he tells h im that he stole a football from his school locker-roomand also Olivers personalized pen. Willy, Biff, and Happy all lie repeatedlythroughout the play, with only Biff feeling bad about what he had done. We seethat this family falls apart and that this theme should serve as a moral toanyone who reads it. A final theme seen in Death of a Salesman is familysolidarity. Early on in its history, it is seen that the family is very happyand that the two sons admire their hard-working father deeply, We werelonesome for you pop (Act 1, Scene 3). As the play progresses, it is shownthat the whole family is unhappy, and that the bond between them all isunraveling as time passes. To resolve their problems, and if they wanted to helpeach other, they would have tried to discuss their problems instead of keepingthem inside and arguing with each other. Willys mental problems affectedthis, because he could only talk to his dead brother Ben about his familyproblems. If the family had stuck together, th ey might have pulled throughWillys terrible problems. If the play All My Sons signaled the arrival ofArthur Miller as a most promising playwright, Death of a Salesman raised him tothe rank of major American dramatist. He has been considered by many to be thegreatest of American playwrights. Some of Millers contemporaries, who arethemselves considered as being some of Americas leading writers, havebestowed high praise upon him and his works. Gilbert W. Gabriel described Deathof a Salesman as a fine thing, finely done (Corrigan, 95). Also, one ofthe most noticeable writers of all time, Euphemia Wyatt, termed it as being the,great American tragedy (Corrigan, 96). After reading this play a fewtimes, the reader is left in an awe-inspired state. It is mind-boggling toactually see the pure essence of Millers meaning. He develops themes andmorals so well in his works, especially Death of a Salesman, that it is takenfor granted. The messages are easily seen, but never fully understood until thereader first understands the story. Millers craftsmanship in this play isindisputable of being on the level of a masterpiece. Every aspect of the play isdone magnificently well, and Miller blends these separate ideas togetherbrilliantly. The symbolism and irony, especially, are two of the greatestaspects of the play. Millers unorthodox style adds even more to the greatnessof the play. The flashbacks he uses are, at first, a confusing part of the play,but, when read over, only enhance the powerful messages told in it. The readerunderstands easier the problems that Willy faces because of Millers style. Without the flashbacks, the background to his mental problems would not havebeen easily seen. The reader also sees the importance of the play in Americansociety. Death of a Salesman, among other of his works, is used as a messengerof things Miller would like to see done away with in American society. Hecriticizes material wealth, the lack of American family values, and the lack ofmutual responsibility between people. Miller, with just putting these themesinto a great story, can be considered a good writer. Everything else that he hasdone in his works makes him a true master of plays. BibliographyArthur Miller. Microsoft Encarta. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corporation. 1996Corrigan, Robert W. Arthur Miller- A Collection of Literary Essays. Englewood,New Jersey: Dutton; 1969. Hayman, Ronald. Arthur Miller. London: HeinemannEducational; 1960. MacNicholas, John. Arthur Miller. DLB (Volume 7, Part2). Detroit: Bruccoli Clark Books; 1981. PP 86-111. Miller, Arthur. Death of aSalesman. Ringwood, Victoria, Australia: Penguin Plays; 1976. Moss, Leonard. Arthur Miller. New York: McKay; 1970. Murray, Edward. Arthur Miller: Dramatist. New York: F. Unger Press; 1967. Nelson, Benjamin. Arthur Miller- Portrait of aPlaywright. New York: Grove Press; 1961. Unger, Leonard. Arthur Miller. American Writers- A Collection of Literary Biographies. (Volume 4). New York:Simon and Schuster MacMillan; 1974. PP 145-169. Welland, Dennis. Arthur Miller. New York: Twayne; 1967.