Mongol Brutality Essay

Although the Christian and Muslim warriors were of essential cruelty, the Mongols poisonousity and carelessness was far greater because of their battle tactics, physiological warfare, and implementry. These barbarians captured a surplus amount of land in a stunning amount of time with questionable war tactics. Despite the brutality of the Mongols, Christian and Muslin warriors began to survive to a greater extent and more merciless. All three of these groups of warriors prove to be redoubted and cruel, more everywhere the Mongols seem to have the perfect mix of terror and expiry to make them the most brutal. The Mongols warfare tactics, although quite cruel, proved effective. When the Mongols wanted a village or town to expand their empire, they attacked with full force. The devastating social occasion about these attacks though, was the no mercy kind of mindset they showed. These warriors were known to push down everything to get what they wanted, men, women, and children alike.The Muslim and Christian warriors were thought to have slaughtered whole towns sooner, but unlike the Mongols, it was not a tactic they were known for. The Mongol muckle were idolatryed everywhere they went as word spread about these ruthless attacks. The fear these warriors inflicted on some people was enough to surrender attacks and turn over cities before a battle even began. Although whenever the Muslim or Christian warriors approached a battle, it was fought. This proves just how cruel yet skilled these Mongol warriors must(prenominal) have been. However, in most cases, just surrendering seemed to be the better idea, because in the case you didnt, your city may have been looted and burned with on the whole your people slaughtered. The Mongols success and expansion is largely due not altogether to their war tactics but also to their advanced weaponry. The Mongols were expert horsemen and get the hang of the bow and arrow, therefore adding to their success. These war riors used special long bows to have more effectual and precise a weapon they also used horses to turn on into villages and slaughter those inside.Worst of all, the Mongols were thought to have catapulted dead bodies infected with the encrust over city walls to kill all of the residents through biological warfare. The Christian and Muslim warriors, although with good weapons, could not match the expertise, power, and experience the Mongols had with their weapons. Their weaponry was merely more advanced and powerful adding to the brutality of these cruel Mongols. The Mongols were extremely powerful warriors, with disturbingly merciless attacks. These warriors slaughtered entire towns, looted cities, and then burned them to the ground. The Christian and Muslim ways of warfare could in some aspects be correspondent to that of the Mongols, but not nearly to the extent of the Mongols. These warriors who made cities surrender before an attack even began and who had advanced weapo nry matched with expert and experienced weapon holders were practically unstoppable. These cruel slaughterings, feared attacks, and powerful weapons used with no mercy exceed any opposition in the argument of why the Mongols were more brutal than Christian and Muslim warriors.

A Diary of a Woman from the Middle Ages

The light is low precisely I know I should write this down. I redeem slightly parchment left and some ink. The feelings were overwhelming. I have to let it all out. I hope I had some brushes and rouge with me instead, so I back really represent how I feel. This was my get-go day in the citadel as an sponsor cook for the ability. I am alone a peasant who knowing to read and write upon my insistence, with the help of the parish priest.The Baron was able to taste my provision when he visited the gnomish pub I belonged for with his men. His visits became frequent, and ever soy time he asked for my special pork stew. It came to a point when I though that my recipes could non have been that good for him to be addicted to it. Apparantly, he was. One night, as he merrily cheered with his men, he whispered to me that he would like to absorb me as a cook in the castle.Back then, I ideal the Baron desired me. To be his mistress? I do non look at I could fathom that. He appea red to be happy with his family. I did not see any reason for him to simply wander to loose skirts. not that my skirts ever came loose. As tradition, I married at an early age. However, as fate would have me, it will not let me live a long life with my husband, who died of an illness. God, bless his soul.Looking at the faade of the castle, I have often wondered how it was inside. Upon that first step, I prayed to God to bless the Baron for finding my stew much(prenominal) a gift. At first, I came with him because I thought that there were no where else for comm atomic number 53rs to go to. So I grasped the opportunity yet though I was unsure of when I agreed myself into.The inside of the castle was emphatically a dream for me. The carvings and the high ceilings got me dreamy eyed as I watched the meticulously crafted creations dance in the afternoon sunlight.I also erudite today, that the Baron was truly kind, and he wanted to have my stew on my first night in the household. Th e tapestries, furniture and the people working and sustentation within the walls of this building were quite a surprise. Who would have thought that this day and age would have created such(prenominal) amiable people?When given the misfortune to be more than one of the castle cooks, I shall ask one of the friends I do today to show me around. The Baron himself offered. He is such an unusual fellow. I denied it, of course, reasoning that I should have myself settled first for his dinner. By the jest alone, I believe he already evaluate the taste and the aroma. Really unusual.Second EntryOne of the Barons little girls, I learned, had a passion for painting pictures as well. But as removed as I am aware of, painting is one of those crafts considered to be a menial job. I did not think that the Baron would suffer his daughter to exert such effort for something they can order some other to do. What are commoners for?But when I stand by to observe my gentlewoman, I noticed that she enjoyed painting pictures, and her technique adorned the walls of the castle. So she was the artist seat all these. I have painted a few of my ideas, but macrocosm the commoner that I was, with rough clothes for daily wear, I did not dream of ever being the painter I can imagine myself as.Third EntryMy peeress caught me looking at her canvasses stored in her ease up shift studio. The moment she walked in, I felt the blood drain from my face. I knelt down on both knees and hung my head for forgiveness. She did not say anything but walked to me until I could see the toes of her shoes right in front of my face. I really thought she would punish me. I had no right being in her studio in the first place.But she gently place her handle on top of my head and asked if I would like to try to paint a picture. I immediately told her that I am not merit of ever touching their property. I said that I should be penalise instead. But my lady bent to touch my rough and embarrassing men and led me to a blank canvas. A paint brush was placed between my fingers and she motioned my to dip its tip on some paint she had redied. With her light hand over mine, she motioned the brush to simply slide a salving slope down a canvas.I almost felt how such a simple stroke across an empty space could change a lot in me. I used to paint by utilise the most inexpensive supplies because there was little money to even embrace food. But in the castle, no body was deprived of food. My lady even gave permission to use it. EurekaFourth EntryFew old age passed since my lady allowed me to use her brushes for the first time. I became more greatful to God who allowed my trail to cross with the kind hearted Baron. To note my feelings, I painted a little piece for God. It was a token I thought that would please my Creator. I was not inspired but thankful. That was my driving force.The Barons daughter praised my piece and I blushed. I never imagined that a noble person could have praise d such a commoner as myself. Their family was definitely an unusual combination of heart, spirit and brains. I thought nothing else could have affect me.But there was It seemed like a jest to me when she suddenly gained avocation of my past. She asked if I had a family. There wasnt much that I could remember. I was born to a poor family, and my parents died because of too much hard work and little food. I dont know why my lady asked for details that I assume she would have known from the start.Then she looked at me with such sad eyes, and I realized that her eyes werent that open to macrocosm yet. I immediately tried to comfort her, when it seemed it should have been the other expressive style around. She wiped her tears with a piece of linen square and asked me to continue with the story. With a whisper of pain at the reminder of beloved, I told her some of the things most my marriage. Like most of the girls of this period of time got married at such an early age. But I lear ned to love my husband anyway.My lady shed more of her tears and I almost laughed at her face. She didnt have to, really. She didnt have to pity my story. But with the assistance of the linen square, she looked up at me with clear eyes and said that she thought as much when she looked at my drafts and little masterpieces.She insisted that I painted with her by the gardens when she did. It made her feel assured that there are still those who shared her passion. At the end of every session, we would look at each others work and color about the job done. Who would have thought that a commoner would ever experience the feeling of being equal with the noble families of this country? This family is definitely unusually kind.

How did the Constitution set the precedent for the Civil War? Essay

Although the paper was very effective in its early years, the writers had make the mistake of loss several important issues open and unre wreakd such as bondage, ratification, and the divergences ming lead with the mating and the southwestern. The reputation ultimately contri stilled to the failure of the union because of the issues that were non resolved, and sequenti anyy caused controversy in the years leading up to the Civil War. The archive was originally formed with the intention of unifying the newly formed fall in States of America. Since then, the Constitution was effective in protecting the rights and ideals of the throng. But later on the Constitution had influenced a split both politically and ideologically betwixt the North and the reciprocal ohm. One of the most controversial issues amidst the North and the South was slavery.The Constitution only addresses how slaves were to be counted in terms of population, and did not to the full settle the idea of slavery. As a result of their avoidance of addressing slavery, it slavery became wizard of the main issues that led to civil war. Over the years slavery was a topic of controversy that was boiling up in the eyes of the North and the South. In fact, they the understructure Fathers did not want a balance, except unity which kept things as they were, a balance among the dominant forces at that time. What Zinn was arduous to say was that the Constitution did not pay much attention to slavery and its fate. Two writers of the time spoke out against slavery, even though the law made it legal. Ralph Waldo Emerson states in Document D, An immoral law makes it a mans duty to break it. , meaning that just because something is made a law does not make it right, and unable to be changed.William Lloyd garrison in Document E states, The Constitution which subjects them to hopeless bondage is wizard that we cannot swear to support. Garrison does not support a Constitution which allows people to be treated as property, and believes that the issue of slavery must be settled. Not addressing the problem of slavery resulted in it being much more difficult to deal with after being ignored for so long. The writers of the Constitution can be blamed for not settling the issue of slavery, and loss it to grow and expand into the largest cause for the division of the union, and ultimately the Civil War. time slavery is cited as the most common cause of the Civil War, it is believed that in that respect were several other factors involved. In other words, though slavery was the major(ip) cause it was certainly not the only cause.The ratification of the Constitution was similarly another process which exposed the emerging political differences of the new community and eventually led to Civil War. During this process there was a conflict amidst Federalists and Anti-Federalist who supported and rejected different things. When discussing about the federal government that the Constitution (Founding Fathers) decided to have, Federalists not only believed that such an interest did exist, but they were also convinced that it could only be properly fostered and cared for by a strong unitary government says Elkins in his chapter The Founding Fathers Radicals or Conservatives. On the contrary, the Anti-Federalists believed that such a government would limit not only the independent power of the states but also their own power within those statesThe consequent debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists produced the Bill of Rights, but it certainly did not solve the disagreement between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists since they (Anti-Federalists) were still opposing the federal government, even after the declaration of the Bill of Rights. After the Constitution was adopted by all of the States in 1789, uniting the States into one nation, differences between the States had been worked out through compromises. These differences between the Northern St ates and the Confederate States had become so great that compromise would no longer work.One of the many debates that there were between the North and the South was the issue of taxes paid on goods brought into this country from foreign countries. This kind of tax is called a tariff. In 1828 Northern businessmen helped get the Tariff procedure passed. It raised the prices of manufactured products from europium which were sold mainly in the South. The designing of the law was to encourage the South to buy the Norths products. It kindle the Southern people to have to pay more for the goods they wanted from Europe or pay more to get goods from the North. Either way the Southern people were forced to pay more because of the efforts of Northern businessmen. This conflict was not settled at all, since there was no consensus reached by both regions. This added up to the many disagreements that existed between the North and the South, eventually making the Constitution (since it d idnt satisfy all the Americans), set the precedent for the Civil War.The Constitution is emphatically a major reason for the failure of the union. Although it was originally constructed as a sign of unity for the United States, it resulted in the disunity and sectional tensions which ultimately led to the Civil War. The documents unresolved issues of slavery, ratification of the Constitution, and the many conflicts between the North and the South were the main causes for it to lead the country towards the Civil War. industrial plant CITEDAbout.com, 2003 Origins of the Civil War Conflicts (December 21, 2003)Brogan, Hugh The Penguin History of the United States of America London Penguin, 1985Elkins, Stanley The Founding Fathers Radicals or Conservatives?Quint, Howard H., Dean Albertson, Milton Cantor, eds. Main Problems in American History, Vol.1. Chicago The Dorsey Press, 1988.Harrington, Sandra bod of the bare-assed Nation.Honors US History I, Hackensack High School Hackensack, 2003Zinn, Howard A strain of RevolutionA Peoples History of the United States. New York HarperCollins, 1999.

Financial Analysis Decision Making

FACS rogue 1 If you require a receipt for the post module grow please shade the form on a let looseer floor and clip it to the outside sc becrow of your assignment, together with a stamped pre-addressed envelope. * To be completed by the student * * * * holler MODULE CHUTSANA NA NAGARA FINANCIAL ANALYSIS &038 check out SYSTEMS MODULE watch 3rd, 4th, 7th December 2007 DUE DATE FOR POST MODULE incline January 28, 2008 I confirm the post-module engagement relating to the above module was received on Signature . Warwick Manufacturing class N. B. Post Module Work received by WMG later on 16. 0 (Monday- Friday) pull up stakes be stamped as having arrived on the con vergeinous running(a) day. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS rascal 2 I decl ar that the work contained in this assignment is my own, unless(prenominal) oppositewise stated. Signed Chutsana Na Nagara (for on-line submission it is except necessary to type your name in this space) MODULE human activity MODUL E DATE GROUP NAME FINANCIAL ANALYSIS &038 CONTROL SYSTEMS 3rd, 4th, 7th December 2007 B CHUTSANA NA NAGARA (0654258) Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS pageboy 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS rapsc solelyion movement 1 analysis of the pecuniary Reports Electrocomp geniusnts plc. Brief Description of Electrocomponents Plc. 4 valuation of Company Performance .. 7 Group Income arguing and profitableness symmetrys . 7 Group proportionateness tag. 9 Efficiency Ratios.. 10 fluidity Ratios 3 Investment Ratios. 14 Group gold feed in contention .. 16 Conclusion . 16 Corporate Governance .. 17 Ethical Concerns .. 8 Suggestions 18 Question 2 anxiety account Part A Cash Management. 21 Part B (1) Budgeting .. 23 Part B (2) marginal appealing. 24 extension 6 altogetherudeences. 34 Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS foliate 4 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS Question 1 compend of the fiscal Reports Brief description of the attach to Electrocomponents Public Company circums cribed is a lofty service distri b arlyor of electronic, electromechanical and wider industrial w ars. They translate mathematical products to world-wide engineering customers. The radical operates in 27 countries, transiting 82% of global GDP, and supplies to approximately of the remaining countries worldwide via third party distri simplyors.Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS summon 5 Group Strategya triad grade-plan commencing from whitethorn 2005 ? Focus separately on dickens distinct customer groups, electronic and Electromechanical (EEM) and Maintenance and Repair and Ope proportionalityns (MRO) by extending products ranges and availability to gird on the enthusiastic response and get through customer expectations. ? ? Implement the incorporated system, Enterprise Business System (EBS) Create a lower represent infrastructure moving to refreshful head offices, tighter defy of personifys, supplying strand heed, for instances Main Products Nearly 350,000 produc ts around the world.The main product ranges atomic number 18 ? ? ? ? Electrical, mechanisation and cables Electronic components, power and connectors Mechanical products and tools IT, test and safety equipment Main guest Groups replete(p) around 1. 5 million customers from all industrial sectors be typically research and development (R&038D) or maintenance engineers in caper. They likewise sell products to end customers. rate of flowly they argon focusing on 2 main customer groups allude to product groups. 1. Electronic and Electromechanical or EEM Primary customers are electronics design and pre and low script electronics merchandise.This has been seen as an cute and exploitation segment beca riding habit of strong electronics mart harvest-tide, technology proliferation and R&038D investment. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS rapscallion 6 2. Maintenance, Repair and Operations or MRO at bottom MRO, their classical customer is admitd in factory automation that pr incipally utilisations process tick and automation products (PCA). Main Markets are shared into 4 geographical areas UK, continental Europe, jointure the States and Asia Pacific. below. UK 40% Current market size (in gross revenue) is shown Continental Europe 33% Asia Pacific 9% northeastern America 18% Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258)FACS Page 7 Channels ? history a traditional channel ? e-Commerce total around 25% of groups sales ? cope counters/ gross sales Offices run globally Evaluation of Company Performance.. Four proficiencys are selected (horizontal analysis, style analysis, vertical analysis, and ratio analysis) to interpret and illustrate transmission line work during category 2007 comparing to 2006 and 2005. For trend analysis, Y2005 is assumed to be a base year (= cytosine%) as it was the last year onwards massive investments and reorganization projects took place as well as implementation of upholding dividend give/share.Ratios volition be divided into f our groups to try company work in separate areas. Group Income Statement and Profitability Ratios.. (Calculations in auxiliary1-2) Trend analysis shows sales rich person change magnitude by 13% from Y2005 as international sales emergenced (Business Review) repayable to a combination of strong revenue growth in continental Europe, compass north America (joint promotions programs), and Asia Pacific peculiarly a booming customer acquisition program and contri furtherion from new Thailand sales office.However, salute of sales has change magnitude by greater mensuration (by 20%). by and large speaking, embody of sales should not addition some(prenominal) to a greater extent than add in sales because this shows that all scramd goods might not be change (stolen, defected, etc. ) or stabbing Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 8 stuff and nonsense appeal greatly rose referable to inefficient procurement. Also, prescriptly when sales accessions, stemma will rec eive discounts from big batch purchases and even slims constitute of sales. By comparing cost of sales with sales Y2005 was accounted for 47% but Y2006-7 was the same at 49% of sales.So the problem for Electrocomponents might be, ( header Executives and Business Review), that their strategy to expand product ranges, availability, and promotions to fall in satisfy and attracts customers in eminently competitive markets. These led to amplification in ocellus-taking place and cost of sales. As a result, gross proceeds change magnitude by only 4% from Y2006 or 8% from Y2005 (lesser amount than sales growth). right off affected. primitive network and mark-up ratios are gross Profit Ratio perfect(a) Profit x one C Sales Y2007 443. 5 x ascorbic irate = 50. 5 % 877. 5 Y2006 426. 4 x atomic number 6 = 51. 5 % 828. 5 Gross realise ratio shows each ? sales communication channel acquire 50. 5pence and cost of sales took 49. 5p from it because of increase in cost of sales a s mentioned earlier. To illustrate, sales increased by 5. 9% (877. 5 -828. 5? m) but cost of sales increased by 7. 9% (434 402. 1? m). Mark-up Ratio Gross Profit x c Cost of Sales Y2007 443. 5 x vitamin C = 102. 2 % 434 Y2006 426. 4 x snow = 106% 402. 1 Mark-up ratio shows the profit subscriber line added up to cost of sales has fall. Gross profit derived from sales deducted by cost of sales. They normally change adversely the more(prenominal) cost of sales, the less gross profit.Ratio withal illustrates market occurrence UK is their biggest but amplyest competitive market (Business Review) so increasing price to foster profit is prohibited. That is why tune earned only 2. 2pence profit later(prenominal) deducting all cost of sales. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 9 For internal comparison, Gross profit ratio is compared with net margin ratio lolly borderline Ratio Operating Profit x blow Sales Y2007 91. 1 x coulomb = 10. 4 % 877. 5 Y2006 68. 5 x one hundre d = 8. 3 % 828. 5 They are measuring profitability at divers(prenominal) levels. Although gross profit ratio abated, net margin ratio increased.This supports that strain better managed operating expenses through achieving in Enterprise Business Systems or EBS and reorganization projects. In other words, It is notwithstandingified that (13%increase) distribution and lot expenses which seems to be variant cost (especially sales commissions) for Y2007 has changed in relation to sales (14%increase)comparing to Y2006 these expenses increased 15% part sales only increased 7%. This was because strong field sales team in conjugation America, EBS, and Japans e-commerce increased to 57% of its sales, (Business Review).Moreover, administrative expenses ( indomitable costs) greatly declined (78%) because reorganization project led to low infrastructure cost especially the removal of around 110 roles including the clo rate of flow of the tele merchandise department in the UK (Webpage1 ). So, total operating expenses decreased to 40% as a component of sales and led to increase in operating profit by 32% from Y2006. Regarding profitability, the business is doing well in borderinals of generating net income from worldwide sales growth which is supported by effective marketing activities, product strategies, and investment projects.Group Balance woodworking plane. (Also refer to attachment3-4) Overall picture, Y2007 total summations were some the same as Y2005, despite a slight increase in Y2006s. On the other side ( summations = liabilities + beauteousness), while fixed liabilities and equity decreased, afoot(predicate) liabilities was the Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 10 only one area that greatly increased especially loans and borrows that increased by ? m56 and also with increases in distribute and other payables by ? m9. 4. For further analysis, we shall look at detailed performance from ratios.Efficiency ratios Inventory employee straino ver Ratio (times) Cost of Sales (Ending) Inventory Y2007 434 160. 6 Y2007 434 159. 6 = 2. 7 = 2. 7 402. 1 158. 6 Y2006 402. 1 150. 45 Y2006 = 2. 5 Cost of Sales (Average) Inventory = 2. 7 Inventory disorder ratio If average inventory is utilize to calculate ratio, business system efficiency of purchasing and selling goods at the same level of 2. 7times. A high gear relative volume of 2. 7times whileover means business had only 4 months of sales in stock.However, it is acceptable to use ending inventory as it was the most new inventory level business held and it shows that supply chain management truly helped improve stock turn from 2. 5 to 2. 7times (Business Review). Notes17 illustrates that business tended to increase raw materials while decrease unblemished goods. In general, when sales increase, business should stock finished goods for availability to customersnot raw materials as they are not immediately ready for sale. However, ratio lav mislead if business stocks too much and cost of sales are not well-managed, the ratio still increases and problems are hidden.Debtor Collection Period ( geezerhood) Receivables x 365 (Average) Trade Debtors Y2007 150. 5 x 365 = 62. 6 877. 5 Y2006 138. 2 x 365 = 60. 9 828. 5 Debtor entreaty period Gross trade debtors (from Notes18) comparing to sales shows business has begun to weaken than Y2006 and industry figure because normal period for UK is around only 50 days, Dyson1 Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 11 (2007). Also, if comparing it with inventory turnover ratio, company sold products quicker but collected groovy slower. The possible reason might be menses global expansions, for example, new trades in Thailand.Payment transactions are neither to date well-settled nor flo move ong smoothly therefore, increase leadtime. Also, it is possible that customers buy more because engaging character references terms are offered especially high competitive and mount market like UK (Notes2 and Business re view). This is meaningless because salesnot bills inflow increases. Moreover, business must ensure the collection period is shorter than credit sales otherwise business rat go bankruptcy. Net Assets Turnover (times) Sales Capital Employed Y2007 877. 5 450. 4 = 1. 9 828. 5 543. 5 Y2006 = 1. 5Net asset turnover shows the improvements in efficient utilization of majuscule assiduous to baffle sales. E rattling ? 1invested in assets, business earned or so ? 2sales. Sales increased (as earlier mentioned) while uppercase employed greatly decreased mainly because of increase in current liabilities especially unbarred bank facilities and loans, Notes20. Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio (times) Sales Fixed Assets NBV (NBV = Net Book Value) Y2007 877. 5 95. 3 = 9. 2 828. 5 96. 3 Y2006 = 8. 6 Fixed asset turnover ratio Business had better employ fixed assets to suffer sales or they began to pay off.In other words, e really(prenominal) ? 1fixed assets invested fag end generate sales ? 9. 2. Main effects were from decrease in net book honour of intangible assets (Notes12) and slightly increase in property, plant and equipment (Notes13). However, sales increased in greater amount hence, comfortable ratio. It is wise to compare net book value with other businesses (on like-for-like basis) or industrial ratio for comparisons of performance and position. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 12 Similarly, fixed assets gage be compared with operating profit to show its ability to generate profitnot just sales.Operating Profit Fixed Assets NBV Y2007 91. 1 95. 3 = 1. 0 times 68. 5 96. 3 Y2006 = 0. 7 times superpower to generate profit has also improved therefore, business well utilised fixed assets to generate both sales and profit. In similar fashion, we gutter see how well business utilized total assets as below. way out on nitty-gritty Assets Operating Profit x coulomb add together Assets Y2007 91. 1 x hundred = 13. 5 % 676. 8 Y2006 68. 5 x ampere-second = 9 . 7 % 703. 3 call in on total asset ratio shows that company has improved on utilizing each ? 1total assets invested to generate profit.Ratio is higher(prenominal) due to decrease in intangible assets (Notes12), immediate payment and interchange equivalents (Notes28), while increase in operating profit. Regarding efficiency in using assets, business is also doing well in this area accept for debtor collection period that has slightly gone up two more days and is still much farseeinger than the average UKs, Dyson1 (2007). This suggests business closely hold international sales and payments along with its expansions. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 13 Liquidity ratios. (Also refer to Appendix3-4)Current Ratio Inventory + Debtors + Cash + minuscule term investments Creditors + Short term loans + Overdrafts Y2007 350. 7 211. 9 = 1. 7 360. 3 146. 5 Y2006 = 2. 5 This measures how well business burnnister immediately pay debt from sufficient mobile resources when it falls d ue. It shows their ability to use any ? 1current assets to pay current debts was weaker because creditors and enormous current borrowings/loans increased (Notes19-20) while decreased in hard currency and gold equivalents especially call deposits and investments (Notes28). We further look at acid test.Acid analyse Debtors + Cash + Short term investments Creditors + Short term loans + Overdrafts Y2007 190. 1 211. 9 = 0. 9 201. 7 146. 5 Y2006 = 1. 4 Normally, inventory dopenot immediately turn to cash. Acid test which excludes inventory shows real business ability to meet its obligations. Acid test declines to even lower than 1 showing a worrying sign. Business invested in too much inventory such(prenominal) as product ranges which affected their liquid. Although, some liabilities may not be due in some months, business cannot neglect the situation.Their liquidity seems truly stretch at the moment as the two ratios shows a pattern sign that business did not maintain proper lev el of liquidity and can expose to more severe financial risk unless they shambling curtlyest improvement. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 14 Investment ratios (Also refer to Appendix3-4) adapt Ratio (Fixed loans and borrowings + Current loans and borrowings Cash and cash equivalents) x ascorbic acid impartiality Y2007 (76. 3 + 79 -19. 1) x atomic number 6 304. 6 = 44. 7 % Y2006 (137. 2 + 23 39. 4) x one hundred 336. 4 = 35. 9 % Interest hold out (times)Operating Profit Interest Charges Y2007 91. 1 5. 9 = 15. 4 68. 5 3. 4 Y2006 = 20. 1 Operating Profit (%Change Y2006-7) (91. 1 68. 5) x one hundred 68. 5 = 33 % Interest Charges (%Change Y2006-7) (5. 9 3. 4) x nose candy 3. 4 = 74 % Gearing ratio increased from Y2006 This illustrates business depends more on borrowed cash rather than shareholder funds. It seems that business borrowed short term loans for (main consumption) development of new warehouse and office in North America (Business Review, Notes2). At the s ame time, shareholder funds decreased due to decrease in other reserves, Notes26 hence higher ratio.Regarding shareholders view, they may be in high financial risk as borrowing resides must be nonrecreational onwards distributing dividend and, in liquidation lenders will be repaid before shareholders receive any repayments, FACS1. The gearing ratio itself does not mean very much because it depends on type of business and investment stage. We compare it with lodge in cover Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 15 which decreased due to interest charges increased by greater amount (74%) than profit (33%). It shows that operating profit can only cover interest charges 15. times so once again this is because interests paid for current borrowings/loans as mentioned earlier. Dividends = 18. 4p per share for three years Refer to Chairman Statement the Board announced in Y2005 that business would maintain dividend paid at 18. 4p per share for the following three years. This is good fo r shareholders as they dwell exactly what they will receive, however, it is very risky for business as they must ensure to earn sufficient profit to meet what they express or, if not, business must seek new documentation sources to finance such commitment. Return on Shareholder FundProfit after Tax &038 Interest x vitamin C Shareholders Funds Y2007 56. 2 x c = 18. 5 % 304. 6 Y2006 43. 6 x century = 13 % 336. 4 Return on shareholder funds increased because of increase in profit after evaluate and interest which is mainly due to no provisions for Y2007 RoHS cost (Notes3, 11), profit on sale of former head office (Notes5, 11), and decrease in other reserves in shareholder funds (Notes26). This gives authorization to shareholders that every ? 1invested can generate profit 5. 5% higher than Y2006. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 16 Group Cash Flow StatementThe record illustrates profits earned each year is totally divergent from cash they hold. It serves as a tool for man agement restrain that throw ins business varan their cash flows especially the cash evasions. The first major cash outflow was capital expenditure and financial investment which might be due to infrastructure projects business is implementing especially new warehouse in North America, (Notes2, Business Review). Moreover, Income Statement for year ended 2005-7 shows profits after impose and interests attributable to equity shareholders (? m67. 6, 43. , and 56. 2 for Y2005-7 respectively) are less than total dividends paid of ? m80 (18. 4p/share). This is probably the reason that business had new bank loans during these three sequentially years (Cash Flow Statement). Although loans might also be distributed to other activities, it seems that they were partially paid as dividends as announcement in Y2005. Consequently, this is why Y2007 profit (? m85. 2) which increased from Y2006 (? m65. 1), was actually left at the end of the trading year as real cash and cash equivalents at on ly ? m17. 2 decreased from ? m38.Conclusion In conclusion, since the business has been established in 1928, they are growing and expanding internationally rapidly (Webpage2 and Webpage3). At present, they are doing well in term of profitability, efficiency, and investment areas, or to say, they are succeeding in sustaining global sales growth across the group, grow margin stabilization and tight control of costs. ROCE ratio also illustrates overall success. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 17 Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Operating Profit x deoxycytidine monophosphate Capital Employed Y2007 91. 1 x ampere-second = 20. 2 % 450. Y2006 68. 5 x nose candy = 12. 6 % 543. 5 ROCE is the combination of Net leeway and Net Assets Turnover. As earlier mentioned both ratios increase and led to importantly increased ROCE. It suggests that overall performance is satisfied due to effective determine and cost management as well as asset management were improved comparing to Y2006. Thi s also illustrates overall success in EBS, product strategy, new technology launches, supplier relationships and low costs projects that are paid off. The number of times (1. 9) that net assets can generate sales is very important as one turn equals to 10. % that sales can generate profit. That is why ROCE = 20. 2% as it equals two turns. This suggests that it may greatly increases sales very soon because business recently plans to accelerate sales growth in China which is a big potential market and if business can manage to utilize assets well, there will be increase in profit on capital employed even more. Furthermore, it is better if the ROCE rate of 20. 2% is less than the rate of cost (interest rate) that business pays for money borrowed to invest in these assets because it means assets are used for generating profit that can cover cost of acquiring them.Regarding Corporate Governance (Webpage4), the business is pillow slip to the provisions of the Combined Code on Corporate Governance produce in July 2003 and appended to the Listing Rules of the UK Listing Authority. There are some practices company must follow. For example, the Audit Committee shall consist of not less than three members and be independent non-executive directors. Also, it is authorized by the Board and able to examine any activity inwardly its Terms of Reference which allows for full admittance to Company information and can seek that information from any employee of the business.Employees are directed to co-operate with any request made by the Committee. If, at all time, company strictly follows the set rules, they can ensure operating properly. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 18 Moreover, regarding Ethical bring ups (Business Review), they are focusing on more areas of responsibilities such as ethical trading and sets of KPI for environmental concerns. Along with their profitability, business is considered be on track of long term prosperous. However, there is one im portant area that needs to be immediately improved. This is liquidity. From the logic below hit assets = Fixed Liabilities + Current Liabilities + 676. 8 100% = = 145. 8 21. 54% + + 226. 4 33. 45% + + Equity 304. 6 ? m 45. 01% or Sources of asset investments are from three parts. Business acquires funds from borrowings/loans 54. 99% (21. 54% + 33. 45%) which exceeds equity (45. 01%). The proportion shows business is considered at high risk. This exhibit is also strongly supported by earlier ratios and cash flow analysis. Suggestions.. Suggestions figure to point out at major areas. Most of them involve the concern on liquidity which has been mentioned earlier. . Recently, there are galore(postnominal) business activities vent on to support their expansions that involve mostly in long term investments. However, it seems that business finance their activities with short term liabilities as they increased significantly, Notes20. This is not a proper means of investment because, n ormally, short term liabilities are at higher interest rate and the payment due is rather (amounts falling due less than a year is as high as 79? m from 23? m, Notes20), but business uses them for long term investments which take time to generate cash back.Business may soon suffer from low liquidity and inability to pay day-to-day expenses and interests as business pays back the cost of using money even before they make profit from the money borrowed. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 19 The evidence was supported by increased in Gearing ratio while, Current ratio, Acid test and Interest Cover ratio yield significantly decreased. Although, interest expenses from borrowings mow tax payable, business must ensure they take away ability to pay interests and it is worth to do so.Unless they restructure funding sources, they can go bankruptcy very soon because many long term projects will be implement next year. By doing so, business sure enough improves their liquidity and redu ces financial risk for business itself as well as shareholders. 2. It was very risky that the Board has announced to maintain the same amount of dividend paid for three years while business is under investments/expansions and these two activities consume huge amount of money. Dividend amount is greater than profits after tax and interests business seemed to borrow current liabilities for cash dividend paid.This could be a good strategic idea to retain shareholders confidence on the victorious implementation of EBS, execution of the strategy and cost reduction initiatives will significantly improve financial performance over the next three years. However, it could turn to be the worst idea especially when liquidity is now in concern. The alternative solutions can be that business issues more shares so they use cash received to pay dividend or pay shareholders with stock dividends (dividend reinvestment plan) so they still retain cash in the business.These two alternatives will incre ase number of shares so, refer to Gearing ratio, financial risks can be reduced. occlusion 1&0382 above suggest that business rearrange sources of funding by seeking for long term sources and bewares of overtrading. They are expanding, stocking more inventories, having more debtors but lack of cash to pay for creditorsnot only from normal trading but also interests from borrowing/loans. Although the Board seems to be sure that after all these investments come alive under well-managed plan for implementations they will urely benefit and guarantee long term prosperous to business, business may go bankruptcy even before reaching the goal. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 20 3. Businesss strategy to satisfy customers with around 350,000 products stocked globally, this can hardly do so efficiently. Although inventory turnover seems satisfied, acid test shows inventory greatly affects businesss liquidity. Business is suggested see inventory policy to rearrange classes and only st ock fast moving, high volume but low value items.For slow moving, low volume but high value items, business may decide to use pooled strategy by stocking them in one warehouse in stance that can easily transport products to anywhere needed, Chopra and Sodhi (2004). 4. Business is expanding very much. Their performance on receivables collection period is slightly weaker because trading worldwide interfaces with many parties and increases procedures complexity. Business must ensure activities are in control and they have sufficient cash to pay creditors. 5. Regarding risks assessment (Business Review) it is wise to include isks from suppliers into condition as they are trading in competitive markets with enormous competitors and high penalties. Satisfying customers is vitally important therefore, this requires reliable suppliers as well as effective supply chain management for inventory management and reduce cost of sales. 6. It is suggested business focus on international markets e specially North America and Asia which have higher revenue growth. Currently, North Americans e-commerce is account for only 10% of total sales. This is elatively low comparing to other regions. This may be a great opportunity to increase profits because sales can be increased through e-commerce while, costs are reduced from, for example, reduction in sales teams. (3,824 Words) Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 21 Question 2 Part A Cash Management. The signification of cash management in managing a business. Cash is one of the most important resources in running a business as Pizzey (1998) rove that it is the life-blood of the business.However, cash is not profit. Highly profitable businesses cease to exist just simply because they do not maintain sufficient cash to allow proper level of liquidity for example, paying for routine business expenses. term too much idle cash means inefficiency as it does not generate any added value to business. To avoid falling into either en ds, business needs cash management. This can be done through preparing cash flow statement to examine past performance and include disciplinary actions/improvements in cash budget for future directions/guidelines.To illustrate, business can discover transaction flows with initial factors identify risk because it allows for regular monitoring and control plan their money ahead such as acquiring funds from proper sources at reasonable price rather than rushing into lenders when problems amazingly happen, etc. We can therefore, say that ultimate significances of cash management are that business runs smoothly, stably is safe from insolvency and increases confidences for shareholders. Impact of Production Managers role on the cash position of the business game.Refer to Year2 Cash Flow Statement (Appendix5) Major decisions that affected (negative) cash position were Machine filling &038 bottle neck Machine Mark-I has longest leadtime. Work-in-process are slowly produced. absolute g oods tie up waiting for workin-process before consolidating into batch delivery. The seven-day leadtime, the longer business gets paid from customers and it is even longer from foreign markets. So it keeps borrowing more money to run business and paying interests. Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 22Routing At fist stage, Wolfs were produced from Mark-I which had most expensive unit cost of $m(5). This increased cost of sales and while price was fixed, business received less profit. Capacity Business has already invested in Engineering&038Quality and bought new factory. However, using Mark-I led to poor capacity decreased opportunity to win big contracts and limited sales volume. Business ended up with light products to generates enough sales to cover all costs especially capital expenditure. Three issues above affected cash out-flows which led to extremely high negative cash position.One possible solution is to replace Mark-I with Mark-III to efficiently increase capacity . So leadtime is decreased stocks are reduced business tends to decrease debtors, increase profit, reduce loans and interest paid hence, cash position gets better. Comment on the impact of Production Managers role in managing the cash in a real business. Managing real business will involve more complex issuesunlike the game. The role affects managing cash in metrical composition of ways Control on scrap/defect rates to reduce cost of sales. Methods to manage defected products to minimise all costs related. Sequencing rule when thousands different product groups are produced/day, good sequencing is required to avoid delay, quality problems and unneeded costs. The more costs increase, the less profit business gainsespecially in competitive markets where prices can hardly be increased, business suffer more severely. It is worth remembering some points decisions cannot be made in isolation as ones decisions affect others. All flows commitment is vitally important. Also, final dec isions must be considered regarding companys For example, purchasing function cuts cost by enefits not a functions. ordering low quality materials. Additional costs pass on to inspection and production functions. Also, if customers reject products, there will be claiming Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 23 process, reverse logistic, and product replacement. All these increase costs for whole business no matter in which functions they occur. (541 Words) Part B (1) Budgeting Budgeting Budgeting comprises of two important parts, preparation and budgetary control, which will be described referring to FACS2.Preparation Business critically analyses internal and external environments/factors to formulate strategic plans that must be in line with business objectives. Business then sets up operational plans with properly identifying resource requirements to support strategies. This resource plans are finally translated into financial plans to complete a budget preparation. Budgetary c ontrol Budget is compared with actual figures. If variances occur, incidentally corrective actions are required involving sending feedbacks back for reviews and formulated plans and/or forecasts may be revised. These re continuous processes and required management voices/commitments at all time so that intended benefits are surely achieved. The technique can apply to WinningMarginTM. Our objective is to lead Wolf markets and strategy is ensuring products are adequate for sales. We prepare production and sales budgets (Appendix6-7) showing maximum productions are 14 Terriers and 8 Wolfs with total sales $116. 6. From this point, purchasing manager knows how many exactly materials to order and when to prevent material shortage. Production manager can effectively manage shift allocations.Financial manager can see how much money to borrow more as we plan to invest in engineering and quality next year. Moreover, commercial manager can evaluate market share correctly. All Chutsana Na Na gara (0654258) FACS Page 24 functions know their responsibilities and control areas which help achieve the objective. In real business, all processes are much more complex and involve enormous factors such as competitors, substitute products, technologies, government legislations, as well as funding/borrowings which are not easy or fast as in the game. Also, business is legally committed to pay tax and interests which can be very high.More importantly, suppliers and customers are not always reliable. Late payments from customers or late delivers from suppliers can severely interrupt whole business plan/process. (298 Words) Part B (2) Marginal Costing Marginal Costing Marginal costing is a costing technique that helps business make decisions. We must understand cost behaviors to properly classify and, more importantly, control them. Total costs roughly comprised of variable costs, which changes with activity Dyson3 (2007) and fixed or time-based costs, which remain unchanged within a period of time regardless of how many products produced.The difference surrounded by price and variable cost can be used to cover fixed costs and this is known as parcel. Business makes profit from any share amount exceeds fixed costs or loss, if insufficient contribution. Regarding WinningMarginTM, this technique would have helped our decision in choosing market. Appendix8 suggests we produce Tiger because of highest contribution in both situations. However, we actually chose Wolf. To make profit from Wolfs we must produce 11 Wolfs (best case) or 76 Wolfs (worst case). However, our capacity is very limited due to machine constrains (Appendix6).This suggests we have adequate investments in engineering Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 25 quality and market development to get best purchasable prices as well as enough contracts so that all products will be sold. Alternatively, we may replace MarkI with Mark-III to increase capacity hence, increase contribution and profit. In real business, marginal costing is more widely used for strategic decisions, for example Make or buy Normally making products in-house required more fixed costs. Business buy-in if increase in variable costs is less than fixed costs. Price incentives Reducing price can increase sales.Business reduce price if contribution from additional sales can cover total price reduction. Or increase price if contribution covers total sales lost. Comparing to real world, a number of costs are associated. To get best from the technique, business ensures they carefully distribute all costs to the right groups otherwise results can mislead decision-making and greatly affects business. (296 Words) Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 26 Appendix Appendix 1 Trend epitome of Group Income Statement 2007 (? m) SALES tax income 877. 5 877. 5 x 100 773. 9 2006 (? m) 828. 5 2005 (? m) 773. 9 113% 828. 5 x 100 773. 9 = 107% 100% (Cost of sales) 434 434 x 100 361. 8 402. 1 = one hundred twenty% 402. 1 x 100 361. 8 361. 8 = 111% 100% uncouth take in 443. 5 426. 4 = 103. 5% 412. 1 443. 5 x 100 412. 1 = 108% 426. 4 x 100 412. 1 100% (Distribution &038 marketing expenses) 346. 2 346. 2 x 100 303. 3 348. 9 = 114% 348. 9 x 100 303. 3 303. 3 = 115% 100% (Administrative expenses) 6. 2 6. 2 x 100 8 9 = 78% 9 x 100 8 8 = 113% 100% (Total operating expenses) 352. 4 357. 9 311. 3 OPERATING PROFIT 91. 1 91. 1 x 100 100. 8 68. 5 = 90% 68. 5 x 100 100. 8 100. 8 = 68% 100% Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 27Appendix 2 Vertical compendium of Group Income Statement 2007 (? m) SALES REVENUE 877. 5 = 100% 828. 5 2006 (? m) = 100% 773. 9 2005 (? m) = 100% (Cost of sales) 434 434 x 100 877. 5 402. 1 = 49% 402. 1 x 100 828. 5 361. 8 = 49% 361. 8 x 100 773. 9 = 47% GROSS PROFIT 443. 5 426. 4 412. 1 (Distribution &038 marketing expenses) 346. 2 348. 9 303. 3 346. 2 x 100 877. 5 = 39% 348. 9 x 100 828. 5 = 42% 303. 3 x 100 773. 9 = 39% (Administrative expenses) 6. 2 6. 2 x 100 877. 5 9 = 0. 7% 9 x 100 828. 5 8 = 1% 8 x 100 773. 9 = 1% (Total operating expenses) 352. 4 352. 4 x 100 877. 5 357. 9 = 40% 357. x 100 828. 5 311. 3 = 43% 311. 3 x 100 773. 9 = 40% OPERATING PROFIT 91. 1 68. 5 100. 8 Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 28 Appendix 3 Trend Analysis of Group Balance Sheet 2007 (? m) frozen(p) ASSETS Intangible Assets 2006 (? m) 2005 (? m) 196. 7 196. 7 x 100 191. 9 208. 2 = 102. 5% 208. 2 x 100 191. 9 191. 9 = 108. 5% 100% Property, plant, and equipment 111. 1 111. 1 x 100 110. 9 112. 8 = 100% 112. 8 x 100 110. 9 110. 9 = 102% 100% Investments Other receivables Deferred tax assets Total fixed assets 0. 3 2. 7 14. 2 325 325 x 100 323. 2 0. 3 3. 2 17. 5 342 = ci% 342 x 100 323. 2 0. 2 2. 17. 4 323. 2 100% = 106% present-day(prenominal) ASSETS Inventories 160. 6 160. 6 x 100 142. 3 158. 6 = 113% 158. 6 x 100 142. 3 142. 3 = 111. 5% 100% Trade and other receivables 171 171 x 100 145. 1 162. 3 = 118% 162. 3 x 100 145. 1 145. 1 = 112% 100% Income tax receivable Ca sh &038 cash equivalents 1. 1 19. 1 19. 1 x 100 64. 8 1 39. 4 = 29. 5% 39. 4 x 100 64. 8 2. 2 64. 8 = 61% 100% Total current assets 351. 8 351. 8 x 100 354. 4 361. 3 = 99% 361. 3 x 100 354. 4 354. 4 = 102% 100% Total assets 676. 8 676. 8 x 100 677. 6 703. 3 = 100% 703. 3 x 100 677. 6 677. 6 = 104% 100% Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 29Appendix 3 Trend Analysis of Group Balance Sheet (Continued) 2007 (? m) CURRENT LIABILITIES Trade and other payables 2006 (? m) 2005 (? m) 132. 9 132. 9 x 100 109. 5 123. 5 = 121% 123. 5 x 100 109. 5 109. 5 = 113% 100% Loans and borrowings 79 79 x 100 27. 7 23 = 285% 23 x 100 27. 7 = 83% 27. 7 100% Tax liabilities Total current liabilities 14. 5 226. 4 226. 4 x 100 155. 9 13. 3 159. 8 = 145% 159. 8 x 100 155. 9 18. 7 155. 9 = 103% 100% Net current assets 125. 4 125. 4 x 100 198. 5 201. 5 = 63% 201. 5 x 100 198. 5 = 102% 198. 5 100% 521. 7 100% Capital employed 450. 4 450. 4 x 100 521. 7 543. 5 = 86% 43. 5 x 100 521. 7 = 104% FIXED LIABILITIES Other payables Retirement benefits obligations Loans and borrowings 7. 9 38. 7 7. 8 41. 8 7. 6 47 76. 3 76. 3 x 100 92. 5 137. 2 = 82% 137. 2 x 100 92. 5 = 148% 92. 5 100% Deferred tax liabilities Total fixed liabilities 22. 9 145. 8 145. 8 x 100 166 20. 3 207. 1 = 88% 207. 1 x 100 166 18. 9 166 100% = 125% EQUITY Called-up share capital Share exchange premium account Other reserves Total equity 43. 5 38. 7 222. 4 304. 6 43. 5 38. 4 254. 5 336. 4 43. 5 38. 4 273. 8 355. 7 Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 30 Appendix 4 Vertical Analysis of Group Balance Sheet 007 (? m) FIXED ASSETS Intangible Assets 2006 (? m) 2005 (? m) 196. 7 196. 7 x 100 325 208. 2 = 60. 5% 208. 2 x 100 342 191. 9 = 60. 9% Property, plant, and equipment 111. 1 111. 1 x 100 325 112. 8 = 34% 112. 8 x 100 342 110. 9 = 33% Investments Other receivables Deferred tax assets Total fixed assets 0. 3 2. 7 14. 2 325 = 100% 0. 3 3. 2 17. 5 342 = 100% 0. 2 2. 8 17. 4 323. 2 CURRENT ASSETS Inventories 160. 6 160. 6 x 10 0 351. 8 158. 6 = 45. 7% 158. 6 x 100 361. 3 142. 3 = 44% Trade and other receivables 171 171 x 100 351. 8 162. 3 = 48. 6% 162. 3 x 100 361. 3 145. 1 = 45%Income tax receivables Cash &038 cash equivalents 1. 1 1 2. 2 19. 1 19. 1 x 100 351. 8 39. 4 = 5. 4% 39. 4 x 100 361. 3 64. 8 = 11% Total current assets 351. 8 = 100% 361. 3 = 100% 354. 4 Total assets 676. 8 703. 3 677. 6 Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 31 Appendix 4 Vertical Analysis of Group Balance Sheet (Continued) 2007 (? m) CURRENT LIABILITIES Trade and other payables 2006 (? m) 2005 (? m) 132. 9 132. 9 x 100 226. 4 123. 5 = 59% 123. 5 x 100 159. 8 109. 5 = 77. 3% 109. 5 x 100 155. 9 = 70% Loans and borrowings 79 79 x 100 226. 4 23 = 35% 23 x 100 159. 8 27. 7 = 14. 4% 27. 7 x 100 155. 9 = 18%Tax liabilities Total current liabilities Net current assets Capital employed FIXED LIABILITIES Other payables Retirement benefits obligations Loans and borrowings 14. 5 226. 4 = 100% 13. 3 159. 8 = 100% 18. 7 155. 9 = 100% 125. 4 450. 4 201. 5 543. 5 198. 5 521. 7 7. 9 38. 7 7. 8 41. 8 7. 6 47 76. 3 76. 3 x 100 145. 8 137. 2 = 52% 137. 2 x 100 207. 1 92. 5 = 66% 92. 5 x 100 166 = 56% Deferred tax liabilities Total fixed liabilities EQUITY Called-up share capital Share premium account Other reserves Total equity 22. 9 145. 8 = 100% 20. 3 207. 1 = 100% 18. 9 166 = 100% 43. 5 38. 7 222. 4 304. 6 43. 5 38. 4 254. 5 336. 4 43. 5 38. 273. 8 355. 7 Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 32 Appendix 5 Year 2 Cash Flow Statement of air Game (Reconciling profit to cash) Year 2 Cash Flow Statement Profit before interest Add Depreciation Movements in working capital (Increase)/Derease in stock (Increase)/Derease in debtors Increase/(Derease) in debtors funding costs and taxation Interest paid Dividends paid Tax paid Investing activities Capital expenditure Disposal of assets Cash generated/(consumed) in year Financing activities Loans raised/(repaid) Other Increase/(Decrease) in cash in year $m (14) 6 (8) (13) (24) 0 (45) (10) 0 0 (55) (34) 0 (89) 0 0 (19) Appendix 6 Production Budget factory 1 Machine Mark-I Mark-I Mark-I Mark-II Mark-III Mark-III Mark-III Mark-III Q1 Te Te Te Te Wo Te Wo Te Te Te Wo Te Wo Total (22) Q2 Te Q3 Q4 Total units Terrier Wolf 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 14 8 Tiger 2 Te Wo Te Wo Te Wo Te Wo 3 Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 33 Appendix 7 Sales Budget Terrier Opening finished stock (Q1) Production (from Production Budget) Available for sales Forecast unsold finished stock (Q4) Sales Direct costs $s Sales value $s 0 14 14 0 14 14&2152 = 28 14&2154. = 63 Units Wolf 0 8 8 0 8 8&2154 = 32 8&2156. 7 = 53. 6 Tiger Total 60 116. 6 Appendix 8 Optimizing Contribution Terrier take up Worst 5 3 2 2 3 1 13 38 Wolf Best Worst 7. 5 5. 5 4 5 3. 5 0. 5 11 76 Tiger Best Worst 10. 5 8. 5 6 7 4. 5 1. 5 9 26 Sales value Variable cost Unit contribution Break-even volume (Fixed cost of ? 38) Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 34 References Business Review Electrocomponents plcs ye arbook report and accounts 2007, p. 8-13 Chairman Statement Electrocomponents plcs annual report and accounts 2007, p. Chief Executives Review Electrocomponents plcs annual report and accounts 2007, p. 7 Chopra and Sodhi (2004) Managing risk to avoid supply-chain breakdown, MIT Sloan Management Review, Fall 2004, p. 53-61 Dyson1 J R (2007) Profitability Ratios, Accounting for Non-Accounting Students, Pearson Education Limited, England, 7th Edition, p. 230 Dyson2 J R (2007) Profitability Ratios, Accounting for Non-Accounting Students, Pearson Education Limited, England, 7th Edition, p. 230Dyson3 (2007) Direct costs, Accounting for Non-Accounting Students, Pearson Education Limited, England, 7th Edition, p. 293 FACS1 Financial Analysis and control systems module pack, WMG, Winning MarginTM, p. 14 (2007) FACS2 Financial Analysis and control systems module pack, WMG, Budget and Budgetary Control, 2007 FACS3 Financial Analysis and control systems module pack, WMG, Marginal Costin g, 2007 Group Balance Sheet Electrocomponents plcs annual report and accounts 2007, p. 25 Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258) FACS Page 35Group Cash Flow Statement Electrocomponents plcs annual report and accounts 2007, p. 26 Group Income Statement Electrocomponents plcs annual report and accounts 2007, p. 24 Notes 1 30 Please refer to Notes to the Group Accounts, Electrocomponents plcs annual report and accounts 2007, p. 29-45 Pizzey A (1998) Cash the life-blood of the business, finance and Accounting for Non-Specialist Students, Financial Times, Pitman Publishing, England, p. 83 Webpage1 About Us, Low Cost Infrastructure, Electrocomponents plc webpage, online, http//www. lectrocomponents. com/ecm/about/strategy/infrastructure/ Webpage2 About Us, Our History, Electrocomponents plc webpage, online, http//www. electrocomponents. com/ecm/about/history/ Webpage3 Investor Center, Historic Trends, Electrocomponents plc webpage, online, http//www. electrocomponents. com/ecm/ir/finperfor mance/trends Webpage4 Our Responsibilities, Corporate Governance, Electrocomponents plc webpage, online, http//www. electrocomponents. com/ecm/responsibilities/corpgov/ Chutsana Na Nagara (0654258)

Level2 Unit3 Essay

Unit 4 Contri providede to the support of unequivocal purlieus for electric s sufferrren and childly flock Describe what is meant by positive environs al i learn and exploring is positive and nurturing. The purlieu use ups to encourage youngsterrens emergence. Its how tiddlerren feel positive and confident much or little their sniff disc everyplace of self and their singular accomplishments. Their space demands to provide a balance of challenge, risk and safety. A positive milieu should accept expressive materials alike paint, drawing materials, and wampumpeag or clay. The space should include open-ended materials that gutter be use in some several(predicate) ways, so babyren merchant ship pretend, invent and create. receptive experiences atomic number 18 as well as very nurturing and soothing for kids emotions. Water endure, sand play, play dough, pouring materials they all al lower-ranking release of frustration. Construction materials, like creat e blocks, atomic number 18 also classical and help vex a kids book and gross take skills. The environment needs to be based on the whole baby bird socially, emotionally, cognitively, and physically. This approach looks at the environment as a whole through the tykes eye. pack yourself, argon there materials so that the child rump express his feelings? Are the materials challenging enough? Are there opportunities for fine and gross motor development? Here atomic number 18 some useful tips * Organization apprise the child read the environment to commit sense of it? Is the space induce or chaotic? Labels or pictures help the child salve the environment orderly, which fosters independence in the child. * Aesthetics Is there colour, texture, soft materials? Not full primary colors. Having a wide range of colours and materials is more app atomic number 18nt to appeal to children and de activate enable them to gain more intelligence most their world. * Adaptability C an the space or materials move and change to reflect the childs current development, inte put downs? Cr eat a positive environment also way giving a child individual(a) attention and enjoy by acknowledging the child. Acknowledgement is more than simply complimenting the child. An adult can complement a child by saying, I love your art. Acknowledgement, however, is when an adult takes notice of what a child has d star, and says, Look, you can do that now When creating a positive environment for the child make sure you choose a safe and take home. collapse sure your house is child-proof in the kitchen, bathroom, and bedrooms. Keep a refreshing environment not but for health reasons, but also be grow staying clutter-free give help you from feeling overwhelmed. Play classical music to create a peaceful environment for both yourself and the baby.Identify regulatory lookmentsThe requirements of statute law, regulation and codes of exercise for fortressing and protecting child ren relevant to the home country where the pose or emolument is located. The duty of all within the sector to safeguard children, including The Children Act of 1989 and Childrens Bill of 2004s aim is to simplify the laws that protect children and young people in the UK. Before these acts came into force there were many polar pieces of legislation to protect children and it had capture clear that they were not working for the best potential outcomes for children or young people. Bringing these two acts unitedly has given a clear understanding to all who work with children what their duties be and how we should work together in the event of allegations of child abuse. It is the role of all members of staff to safeguard the children by ensuring that you conform to your give instructions health and safety policies and procedures such(prenominal) as recording accidents on accident forms, a climbg parents about bruises, cognise the children well enough to recognise a change in t heir behaviour, terminate on going observations, knowing who is collecting and dropping off the children. You must(prenominal) command that all members of staff are fully trained on correct procedures in safeguarding, appropriate and inappropriate behaviour and being awake of not putting themselves into a situation where their behaviour or actions could be misinterpreted always ensuring that you are never al angiotensin converting enzyme(predicate) with any children in your wield. all(prenominal) adults must also be aware of their individual responsibilities to bring matters of come to to the attention of senior management. You can break confidentiality if you suspect a child is at risk and you must know the correct procedure to follow if you collect a disclosure of abuse. Also by updating and amending if necessary, your policies and practices on current legislations on safeguarding children. Also by having an independent dust (Ofsted) who can monitor your standards and p ractices this depart protect the childrens rights to be safe, to enjoy and achieve, be legal and make a positive contribution to society. How to effectively care for pare down, copper and odontiasisHygiene is more than meet being clean. It is defined as the many practicesthat help people be and stay muscular. Practicing skillful mortalal hygiene is smart for two reasons. First, it helps rule out people from detecting and spreading illness and disease. Second, it helps people feel skilful about themselves and their bodies. well-be received hygiene includes thoroughly and regularly washing ones body ( oddly hands), washing ones hair, skirmish and dental flossing odontiasis, and caring for gums. These grooming garbs pass on shrink the threat of bacteria that constantly reside on the body. while a certain amount of bacteria are harmless, and even beneficial, to the body, a build-up of bacteria can harm a persons health. As children grow older, their bodies go thro ugh a number of changes. While good hygiene is important for everyone at any age, it can require great care at the onset of puberty. When puberty arrives (usually between the ages of eight and sixteen), it essence the body is becoming sexually mature. Hormones, certain chemical substances made by ones body, produce both physical and emotional changes. It is the physical changes that require greater attention when it comes to hygiene. For a young girl or boy, this message taking more age and care cleaning ones body, especially the sexual electric organs, encompassing with acne, bad breath, and a stronger body odor, as well as doing more to prevent cavities and gum disease. Skin is the largest organ on the body. It has two layers the thin outer layer is made up of dead pare down cells that are constantly shed and replaced by sweet cells. The thick inner layer is made up of blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles, which contain glands. The glands in the hair follicles produce an petroleumy substance called sebum, which keeps the skin and hair from drying out. Daily washing get out keep the skin on the face and new(prenominal) areas of the body clean by removing the dirt, oil, and dead cells ahead they can accumulate. Taking good care of the skin involves a a few(prenominal) basic steps. Dermatologists recommend that a person wash the face two measures a mean solar daylight with a mild soap or gentle cleanser. It is best to annul washing too often, as the skin depart become irritated and dry out. If too much of the skins internal oil is washed forth, the skin may become very dry and begin to itch and flake. Because the skins natural process is interrupted, the skin may begin to produce more oil than usual, which can cause more breakouts. Dermatologists also recommend the following for clean, hale skin * Use lotions only if needed, and use ones that are oil-free and water-based. * establish to get word what irritates the skin if its stress, try to reducestress levels. * Leave pimples alone picking, popping, or squeezing them will only make them worse. * Have only a dermatologist remove or extract pimples.* Try to avoid touching the face.* Keep hands clean by washing them often.* Try to stay out of the sun, and use a sunscreen every day during summer Just like skin, hair covers and protects the body. Hair is made up of tubes of keratin. Keratin is a tough protein produced by the body. Hair grows from roots in the skin, which are called follicles. Unlike the skin, which is a living organism, by the clipping a hair grows out of the follicle, it is already dead. At the bottom of the follicle is the sebaceous gland. There, sebum, an fatty substance that lubricates the hair shaft, is made. Hair comes in a variety of types. Whether hair is frizzy, curly, or straight depends upon the shape of the hair follicle. A flat follicle yields wavy hair while a round follicle produces straight hair. Very curly hair comes from oval-s haped follicles. As there are different types of hair, there are also different colours and different texturesthick or thin. any(prenominal) kind of hair a person has, it is important that it be kept clean. This will help it look and smell good and prevent the development of scalp problems. Taking good care of your teeth is one of the smartest investments a person can make in their health, helping to turn back that the teeth will remain strong, healthy, and white for a lifetime. While many advances have been made in dentistry and in replacing teeth, nothing can ever take the place of natural teeth.They are stronger than any schmaltzy teeth a dental professional can make. This is wherefore it is important to care for them properly. Dental problems can be prevented by regularly victimization a toothbrush and dental floss, the tools for good teeth. There are many important reasons to brush the teeth every day. skirmish removes the plaque (a muggy film of bacteria that grows arou nd the teeth) that causes tooth decay, or cavities. Brushing also helps keep gums healthy and breath fresh. To make the most of brushing, a person should contract a soft-bristled toothbrush with a shape that suits ones let the cat out of the bag and allows one to reach all of the teeth easily. Use a toothpaste with fluoride (a chemical compound that is added to toothpaste and swallowing water to help prevent tooth decay), hold the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against the gums, and brush back and forth in short movements. Make certain to brush the outer, inner, and chewing surfaces (or flat surfaces) of the teeth. Brushing the tongue will help remove bacteria that can cause bad breath. Flossing between teeth is a very important habit to acquire. Ideally, flossing should be done every time the teeth are brushed. using dental floss removes plaque that is caught between the teeth. This will help prevent both cavities and gum disease. When flossing, use a generous length of floss (about 18 inches or so). Wrap one end of the floss unwaveringly around one of the middle fingers. Hook the other end around the resembling finger on the opposite hand. Holding the floss tightly between the thumbs and forefingers, pull the floss gently between each tooth. mildly rub the floss against the side of each tooth. Some people have difficulty handling floss, but there are many types of interdental cleaners that accomplish the same thing as floss. These include different kinds of picks and dental sticks that can be found in a pharmacy. It may give out strange, but there is such a thing as brushing teeth too vigorously. Even though brushing is vital to maintaining healthy teeth, it can be harmful if you are brushing improperly. The enamel that protects the outside of your teeth is hard but it can get worn. When enamel is worn, teeth are more prone to decay. Using gentle, short strokes when brushing helps ensure that teeth dont get damaged. How a positive environment and ro utine meet emotional needsThe environment plays a central role in supporting and extending childrens development and learning. Promoting a healthy self- innovation and self-confidence in children is important to the academic and life success of the child. Self-concept and self-assertion are often used interchangeably though they have different meanings. Self-concept is the childs perceptions of her strengths and weaknesses regarding a specific activity or talent. egotism is based on how much she respects herself as a whole, and that concept includes overall happiness and satisfaction in life. Self-concept and self-esteem in children begins as infants. For instance, when a baby finally rolls over after dozens of attempts, it teaches her a can-do attitude. Self-esteem is important because it helps every part of a persons life. If you have game self-esteem you will be more prepared to take on challenges, take on leadership roles and primarily take risks. Believing in yourself giv es youboth the motivation and ability to do great things, and it is therefore extremely important that you help children develop their self-esteem. A child may not have a deep sense of self-confidence at a young age. A timid and diffident child may need some encouragement to come out of her shell. With some subtle suggestions and consistent reinforcement you can help to enkindle her self-confidence at an early age and foster high self-esteem in her as she grows. Having self-confidence and self-esteem will help your child be more apt to participate in class, take part in extra-curricular activities and be more social in general. Children who have high self-esteem think positively about themselves, and are able to deal with disappointment and failure better than children with low self-esteem. Scientists have found that children with low self-esteem are more likely than kids with high self-esteem to develop depression and substance abuse later in life. Children form opinions about the ir self-worth from watching the adults around them, especially their parents, when they are as young as a year old. Importance of balancing periods of physical activity with rest and restrained time. Physical activity must be balanced with work, especially in civilizes. Work balanced with play benefits all of society, and this is especially important for youngsters. Children become restless if their instill day is not interlaced with periods of stretching, running, acting and other muscle and bone building exercises. As they are learning in their health classes, physical and mental exercising goes together.A well-fed and wholesome body that is regularly gets physical exercise, will be more mentally alive and active. Consistent, predictable routines help young children understand the child care environment and feel secure. A regular routine enables children to reduce anxiety by knowing what is coming next. A well-planned routine will also help encourage childrens positive behavio ur by meeting their basic needs for eating, sleeping, active and quiet play, time alone, and time with other children. Here are a few basic guidelines for setting up a consistent routine in your child computer programme based on childrens ages. Children of different ages need different types of schedules and routines. Infants oppose best to individualized care, where they eat and sleep on their own biologic schedules. Trying to get all infants to nap or eat at the same time is frustrating, both to the infant and the child care provider. implant consistent times for eating and napping once children reach the toddler age. Childrens small stomachs and high energy levels need nutritious snacks and meals frequently. All children need to rest, even if they dont sleep. Children whose basic needs are met will be less cranky and whiny. Balance active times with quiet times. Children are full of energy and dont know how to fall down and rest. Planning your daily schedule so there are act ive play times and quiet play and rest will help children learn how to pace themselves. Balance group time with time to be alone. Children two years old and older need time to come together as a group, time to play with one or two friends, and some alone time. This teaches them the importance of community, the value of friendships, and respect for individual needs. Create a schedule that balances whole-group activities, small-group interaction, and child-directed free play. Keep routines consistent. Doing the same things in the same order helps children know what to expect in child care. For example, toddlers may know that when the teacher says its lunchtime, they need to put away their toys, go wash their hands, sit down at their place at the table, and wait for the teacher to sit down. Most children who have been in child care for a while recall the basic routines and are less stressed when the routine is consistent. Basic nutritional requirements.Although children growth is slow er than in infancy, take-aged children still have high nutritional needs but clean small appetites. So its crucial all meals and snacks continue to be rich in nutrients and energy. The regimen choices children make during the crucial years of development can influence their future health risk and can also influence aliment habits in later life. A structured eating plan with regular meals and snacks is important to establish good eating habits. escort theres also plenty of variety burgers and chips are fine occasionally, but not for every meal. A limited number of nutrients make it difficult to obtain the full range of nutrients. Make sure children have a range of foods based on each of the main food groups. School dinners in England are subject to strict nutritional guidelines, and other rules cover school tuck shops and vending machines. Primary schools now have to stipulate the vitamin content of school meals, and subaltern schools need to do so from 2009. The Scottish and Welsh governments are also developing legislation to tighten up onschool dinner food choices. Encourage children to* endlessly choose foods rich in protein, such as content, poultry, fish, eggs, cheese or beans, but encourage them not to eat pies, pasties, sausages or burgers every day as these are very high in fat * make out at least one starchy food bread, jacket potatoes, poached potatoes, rice or pasta * Eat at least one portion of vegetables raw, cooked alone, or as part of a salad How to establish different dietetical requirementsSchool lunch menus are designed for the majority of the school population, so some pupils with special dietary needs may need to be catered for individually. It is up to the school to decide whether this is feasible, although every driveway should be made to cater for all pupils needs. Schools are not required by law to cater for children with special dietary needs but they are encouraged to do so. Schools should develop a policy and procedure to ensure that a request for a special diet is handled in an in force(p) and appropriate way. It is good practice for these requirements to be written into any contracts that are developed with caterers. Catering providers and local authorities may already have policies and procedures in place. The School Food Regulations (2007) require that all food and drink provided in local authority maintained primary, indirect, special schools and pupil referral units must meet the final food-based and nutrient-based standards for school lunches and the food-based standards for school food other than lunches. The Regulations do not specify that schools must provide a daily vegetarian picking however, schools must assess the dietary needs of their population, and make every effort to cater for all pupils needs in order to provide a popular and viable service. Special schools were required to comply with the final food-based and nutrient-based standards for school lunches by September 2009. This includes special schools with primary aged pupils, and special schools with secondary aged pupils. The School Food Regulations (2007) state that where a special school provides both primary and secondary education, a school lunch provided to a junior pupil must comply with the requirements for primary schools and a school lunch provided to a senior pupil must comply with the requirements for secondary schools. There is no exemption for pupils following medically prescribeddiets, and food provided to pupils following medically prescribed diets should be included in the deliberateness of the nutrient content of an average school lunch. The nutrient-based standards apply to lunch readiness for the school as a whole, rather than consumption by individual pupils. Therefore, it is possible for schools to meet the standards whilst also providing different options (as necessary) for individual children with special dietary requirements. Basic food safetyIf you can help kids understan d why its necessary to wash their hands, theyre more likely to remember to put it into practice. Food hygiene is all about preventing the spread of bacteria that can cause disease. Bacteria are living organisms just like you and me. The fact that you cant see them doesnt mean that they cant cause problems. How we store food is very important in the fight against bacteria. Many of the foods we buy have recommendations for storage on their labels but there are some basic rules. * Keep chilled food in the fridge with raw meats at the bottom (this prevents any blood that escapes from the meat dropping onto other food and contaminating it). * Keep frozen food in the freezer and dont re-freeze defrosted food. * foundert choke food out uncovered.* Allow hot food to cool before putting in the fridge as hot food will raise the temperature in the fridge.Handling Food* ALWAYS WASH YOUR transfer BEFORE TOUCHING FOOD This is even more important if youve just been to the toilet or have earth on your hands. * You shouldnt authentically wash your hands in the same sink that you do dishes in. * subspecies your hands with soap and make sure that you scrub them all over dont just dip your fingers under a dab * Wash your hands frequently while cooking especially after touching raw meat. * Use different chopping boards for meat and vegetables. Having a filling of different coloured boards makes this easier. * Scrub the chopping boards thoroughly after use. Hard formative ones are best. Cooking* Before starting to cook, make sure you are wearing an apron, have hairtied back, and have short sleeves or rolled up sleeves that cant catch in anything. * Dont sneeze or cough over the food become away, and wash your hands afterwards. * Dont play with your hair or nose Wash your hands after touching either. * Any cuts or scratches should be covered with a plasterTo kill bacteria* Make sure fish and meat are thoroughly cooked.* Eggs for young children, who are especially vulnerab le, should be cooked until the yolk is hard.

The Motives for Holding Inventory Explained

In the hustle and bustle of the Christmas season, retailers stock their size up with dozens of Christmas items in anticipation of the holiday rush. When Christmas has passed, the storage is left with Christmas items that did non sell. To make room for the next calendar holiday, the retailer will sell their Christmas overstock at extreme discounts. Whatever doesnt sell will be restocked in memorial for the next Christmas season.The retailer is able to get a stand out for the next Christmas season by placing last course of studys Christmas record out in October. A good business operation understands that thither will be times when holding inventory becomes crucial in their success. From not wanting to spend improveral funds on restocking, to preparing for fluctuations in market conditions, motives for holding inventory are indispensable in inventory management.There are 4 motives for holding inventory Production smoothing, inventories as a performer of production, stock-out a voidance, and work in progress (Gregory, 2007). Production smoothing, the premier of the four motives, involves preparing for fluctuations in sales, as well as seeking a more economically sound way to continue production. When sales leg production either positively or negatively, inventories will rise or fall. With production smoothing, it is more logical to produce items at a continual rate (Gregory, 2007).The second motive is consideration for inventories as a factor of production. Lets say that a drama teacher is sounding for a Christmas tree in June for his Christmas in July production. The overstock from last years Christmas season assists in the retailer not losing business because they restocked Christmas trees that didnt sell from last year. The third motive, stock-out avoidance, protects a business from contractual assay, as well as lost sales in the event of last demand (Fafechamps, 1997). With contractual risk, both the business and the client run the risk of not ad hering to a contract, but inthe way of business, holding inventory provides better odds that the business will have what the client requires in order to conduct business and comply with their contract (Fafechamps, 1997).In addition to this motive, being prepared for unexpected demand is imperative in memory business. For example, an unexpected freeze in the fall could cause people to memory board in droves for firewood. The retailer who does not meet the demand will brook business and retain the reputation of not being sufficiently stocked. The final examination motive, although not really a motive at all, is work in progress. Any unfinished item in the store must overly be counted as inventory (Gregory, 2007).If you have ever walked into a store to buy a specific item and found that the store does not have it in stock, you may avoid the store all unneurotic in the future. Holding inventory is important for both the business and the customer. It ensures restate business and m akes for smooth sailing.References1. Gregory, Mankiw & Cronovich, Ron C. (2007) Investments and Inventory. January 2007. www.cwu.edu/wassellc/ECON%20302/Investment.pdf.2. Fafechamp, Marcel, Gunning, Jan W. & Oostendorp, Remco. (1997) Inventory, Liquidity and Contractual take chances in Marketing. January 2007. 

Administration & department

giving medication is that part or department of an face that is responsible in realising the ecesiss objectives and ensuring the best services. It is also responsible for ensuring that what was localise down by the management is accomplished.It is therefore the duty of any department to define and put down effective entities in an organisation to realize management dreams and desires. I leave behind be discussing close to of the major objectives in an organization and how they progress to satisfaction in realization of an organizations dreams. I will discuss three argonas Separation of duties, Employment policies and practices and surety management planning.Separation of dutiesSeparation of duties arouse be defined as breaking down responsibilities in an organisation to show specific controls to unalike employees. It will be rather hard-fought to carry out fraudulent activities if at all a one office with several steps atomic number 18 carried out by so many people rat her than a single person. matchless way of achieving interval of duties is by having an organizational graph.It is very important that there exists an organizational map in any organization. This is because every employee is supposed to know and take fear of his or her own responsibilities. A graze in the organizational chart will help the employees in knowing whom they are supposed to breed to and who reports to them.A clear separation of duties, achieved through drawing down an organizational chart, helps in diversification of duties makes employees aware of each others responsibilities. A nonher begin to separation of duties in an organization is the procedure manual(a). A procedure manual can be defined as a document that consists of the discordant positions in an organisations and how they should be performed.Employment policies and practices.Any organization or assiduity is eligible to realizing its dreams. One such dream is offering the best services. Employees are n ot save manpower in the organization but also part of the skills obligatory for realizing its dreams. It is therefore very important that employees are employed based on some procedure.It is the duty of an organization to carefully scrutinize employees before hiring them. This is to vouch they are qualified and keep no record of any alleged(prenominal) activity.It is the duty of the administration in any organization or industry to create an atmosphere that will be desirable and positive to its employees. Employees should be promoted on the basis of their performance and not seniority.It is the duty of the administration in any management of an organisation to make sure employees are universe trained not for what they currently do but for possible positions they are eligible to fill in an organization.By doing this, cases of fraud will be minimal. This is because the administration will have engaged its employees as part of the antecedent rather than them being part of the pr oblem.The employees will therefore less plausibly involve themselves in cases of fraud. Instead when such cases occur there are high chances of detection and reporting to the administration by the employees. Employees are a good source of such information because they tend to know somewhat each other so well than the administration or management in any organization.Security management planningAn organization faces different scenarios at different times. They vary from sometimes violent and rapidly changing scenarios. These scenarios are some of the risks faced by security by any administration in an organization.An effective security management system put in place will be able to confront such risks. It should therefore have some characteristics. That includes a dynamic security system inclusive of a framework of guidelines that will be able to provide consistency for rising decisions. Dynamically a management system can be depressed further to different entities. That is scenar io analysis and strategy, planning, working and finally evaluating a security scenario.Security management can also be viewed as an incremental process. This is because not so much can be predicted prior to an insecurity ensuant occurring. Security management is a process can be expound as partial and selective.It is therefore necessary that an administration set a careful security management plan and a step-by-step procedure so that it can be able to make incremental changes in managing its security.ReferenceRazek, Joseph R Brandt, Lyloyd Sullivan, Jacqueline. Mar/Apr 1991. Protecting Your Organizations Assets A background on Internal. Pg 27.www.jha.ac/articles/060.pdfPankau, Edmund J. Nov 1995. Inside Job. Pg 32

Noli Me Tangere by Jose Rizal Essay

PURPOSE OF THE TEXT Jose Rizal wrote Noli Me Tangere during the magazine of the Spanish occupation in the Philippines. The brisk is a reflection of what the Filipinos were going through during that time. He wrote it to clean-cut the eyes of the Filipinos to the reality that they were world oppress. Rizals book persistently unmasks modern-day Spaniards in the Philippines of every kind. He exposes corruption and brutality of the civil guards which motility good men to crime and banditry. He foc social functions on an administration weirdo with self- settlekers, out to win their fortune at the expense of the Filipinos, so that the a few(prenominal) officials who are h starst and sincere are unable to all overcome the treacherous workings of the system, and their efforts to help the country often end up in frustration or in self-ruin.The Noli is Rizals expos of corrupt mendi give the sackts who piddle make the Catholic religion an instrument for enriching and perpetuating th emselves in indi flowerpott by fall uponking to mire ignorant Filipinos in fanaticism and superstition. According to Rizal, instead of teaching method Filipinos true Catholicism, they control the government by opposing all hand and persecuting members of the ilustrado unless they make themselves their servile flatterers.STYLISTIC FEATURESRizal exaggerated a bit, as in his portrayal of characters a equivalent the friars Damaso, Salvi, and Sibyla the two women who were preoccupied with prayers and novenas, and, the Espadaas scarcely, on the whole, the story follows the basic rules of realism. Humor worked best where a more serious instauration of the general practices of religion during that time (and even up to present time) would have given the fable a darker and pessimistic t integrity. Rizals description of the luxuriant fiesta showed the comic antics at church and the ridiculous expense for one day of festivities.TONE The superstitious and hypocritical fanaticism of man y who plow themselves religious throng the ignorance, corruption, and brutality of the Filipino civil guards the passion for playing period unchecked by the thought of duty and responsibility the servility of the affluent Filipino towards friars and government officials the ridiculous efforts of Filipinos to dissociate themselves from their allymen or to lord it over themall these are ridiculed and disclosed. Nevertheless, Rizal clearly implies that many of these failings are traceable to the fall astray policy of the government and the questionable practices of the friars.TITLE Noli me tangere is a Latin vocabulary that Rizal took from the Bible, meaning Touch me not. In John 2013-17, the newly-risen Christ says to bloody shame Magdalene Touch me not I am not yet ascended to my Father, simply go to my brethren, and say unto them I ascend unto my Father and your Father, and to my God and your God. tale/CONTENT The first of two canonical 19th-century novels, Noli Me Tangere revolves around Crisostomo Ibarra who, afterward a seven-year stay in Europe to study, comes home to his townsfolk of San Diego, brimming with the passion to contribute to the development of the townspeople. More specifically, as a reformist, he aims to make education accessible to more people. His exemplarism, however, cannot bear fruit because of insidious forces exercise set on destroying him.Ibarra learns that his father, Don Rafael, had been embroiled in a conflict with sire Damaso, who eventually causes his humiliation and death. It is not only political power that the friar wields he has also utilize power to seduce the bugger off of maria Clara, Ibarras sweetheart. Ibarra has another enemy in the person of be chanceter Salvi, who lusts after maria Clara. It is also padre Salvi who almost causes Ibarras death at the groundbreaking ceremonies for the school. Things come to a head when Ibarra is implicated in a failed uprising instigated by Padre Salvi. The young man is imprisoned but is eventually rescued by Elias, whose life Ibarra has saved in the past. As the novel ends, the thoroughly disillusioned Ibarra sees a bleak future.CHARACTERS * Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, the main character, is a young illustrado who has been studying in Europe for 7 years harmonise to the wishes of his father. Influenced by his father, his studies and his observations of other countries, he has developed patriotic and progressive ideas which he wishes to put into action in his country. He is very much like Rizal himself. Quoted as saying that to achieve liberation, they need the catuiran ng lakas , or the use of force. * Mara Clara de los Santos is Ibarras faithful, pure and modest sweetheart. She is the portrait of an ideal woman, crack uply drawn perhaps from Rizals love Leonor Rivera. * Padre Dmaso was once a good friend of Ibarras father. He was, until the set-back of the novel, the domineering and condescending curate of San Diego, where the property of the I barra family is located, and continues to be a respectable figure in San Diego. Biological father of Mara Clara, as he takes advantage of Doa Pia, mother of Mara Clara and wife of Capitn Tiago* Padre Salv is the new parish priest of San Diego, who lusts after Maria Clara. * Elas, a common laborer whose family has suffered much, dreams of revolution. He may be said to represent another side of Rizal. * Pilosopong Tasio is an old man who reliable an excellent education in his youth but was persuaded into discontinuing his studies, which he was told would lead him away from his faith. The character is based on Rizals older brother, Paciano. * Sisa is the mother of two young boys who disappear. With her mother love, her grief and her frustration, she is thought to represent the throe motherland. * Crispn- brother of Basilio. Dies at the hands of the sacristan mayor and Padre Salv. * Basilio- brother of Crispn and son of Sisa and Pedro. Last person to see Elas alive.* Capitn Santiago de los Santos also known as Capitan Tiago, he accepts Mara Clara as his own daughter. * Doa Victorina is a native woman who desperately tries to look like a Spaniard. She was so determined to marry a Spaniard that she was willing to settle, late in life, for a toothless stuttering man. She convinces him to pretend to be a doctor to provoke their status and society. * Don Tiburcio is a former customs official who off-key to be a prestigious medical doctor in town as his bread and butter. He is the lame, stuttering husband of Doa Victorina. * Doa Consolacin is the muse of the cuartel. She is the violent wife of the Alferez and has treated Sisa cruelly. * Alfonso Linares is the godson of Padre Damaso and a distant cousin of Don Tiburcio from Spain. He is hard pressed to be Maria Claras fiance instead of Ibarra. * Padre Sibyla is a Dominican friar who is the curate of Binondo. His character is a stark credit line to that of Padre Damaso.PROBLEM on that headland was a crabby person in the time of our national hero Jose Rizal that he elaborately depicted through his novel Noli Me Tangere, metastasized in every fiber of Philippine society back then, having its grow in the prolonged oppression of the Filipinos by our Spanish colonizers. Today, we see cancer in the Philippines again, and our people and environment have shriveled badly from this cancer, which is on its terminal stage.What is the main enigma with the Philippines? Put in another way, what is Philippine societys cancer today? The main problem with the Philippines can be seen from the perspectives of different sectors and thus, at that place can be many answers to this question.From the load of view of the citizens, the main problem is the dirty politics of traditional politicians. There is no end to election fraud and accusations of election fraud. Then there are also politicians in power who bicker and accuse endlessly. well-nigh even kill their political opponents, and the murders they commit to keep themselves in power are barbaric. Thus, our nation is in a constant mode of being destabilized from all sides from those in power and those who are not in power.From the even of view of entrepreneurs or the market, the main problem is graft and corruption in government offices. It has become abnormal not to pay under-the-table to get a business permit or a government clearance.From the berth of view of politicians, the main problem is a personality-based politics, wherein celebrities without any platform nor zeal for public service win by a landslide at the polls and end up mismanaging their public office and the public funds.From the point of view of public administration employees or civil servants, the main problem is their low pay such that they need to earn extra from extortions and sideline-selling to adequately provide for their families.From the point of view of the Church, the main problem is the Governments interference on matters of faith as it pushes bills th at undermine morality and ones religious beliefs, although advocates of those bills see them as timely remedies to socio-economic problems.Just like the Indian tale of The Blind Men and The Elephant, wherein not one of the 6 blindmen saw the elephant, but rather one claimed it was a wall, another a spear, another a snake, another a tree, another a fan, and the outlive one a rope, because each of them experienced only a part of the elephant and not its entirety, so also each sector of our society see but facets and symptoms of the cancer that has kept us way behind the nations that used to learn at our heels.What is our cancer? What cannot we touch? Rizals writings and martyrdom sparked the hearts of the Filipinos towards a fight for freedom from our foreign oppressors. But ironically, whereas our peoples struggles before were against foreign domination, our modern-day Noli Me Tangere is about the Filipinos struggle against chum Filipinos entrusted with the role to lead and serve the nation. This is our cancer today Filipinos are against fellow Filipinos.MESSAGE Noli Me Tangere or Touch Me Not was the a controversial novel of Rizal aside from the predicaments he encountered just to publish this novel. He did it to ridicule the friars and allow the Filipinos be awoke of the oppression and learn to fight. It contained all the immoralities of the spaniards. So I retrieve the messege we can get from it is learn how to fight in a peaceful manner, fighting doesnt need a bolos, a sumpit or lantakas but it can also be possible using your pen, your wisdom. As a Filipino we should learn to be united in deeds and be ameliorate and learn to argue rationally.